{"id":5306,"date":"2015-08-07T17:45:16","date_gmt":"2015-08-07T14:45:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.arb.ro\/?p=5306"},"modified":"2024-01-20T14:04:34","modified_gmt":"2024-01-20T12:04:34","slug":"sistemul-bancar-solicita-certitudine-legislativa-si-o-concurenta-sanatoasa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.arb.ro\/en\/sistemul-bancar-solicita-certitudine-legislativa-si-o-concurenta-sanatoasa\/","title":{"rendered":"Sistemul bancar solicit\u0103 certitudine legislativ\u0103 \u0219i o concuren\u021b\u0103 s\u0103n\u0103toas\u0103 - only in romanian"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Anumite ini\u021biative legislative pe zona consumatorilor \u0219i modul \u00een care sunt promovate pot afecta disciplina financiar\u0103 \u0219i transmite mesaje eronate despre practicile b\u0103ncilor. Acesta este unul dintre mesajele cheie cuprinse \u00een Barometrul bancar ARB & EY, instrument care indic\u0103 a\u015ftept\u0103rile bancherilor privind implica\u021biile ini\u0163iativelor legislative asupra institu\u021biilor pe care le conduc.<\/p>

Comunitatea bancar\u0103 din Rom\u00e2nia apreciaz\u0103 c\u0103, mai ales \u00een contextul financiar interna\u0163ional actual, se recomand\u0103 men\u0163inerea \u00eencrederii \u00eentr-un climat investi\u0163ional propice cre\u015fterii intermedierii financiare de care s\u0103 beneficieze popula\u0163ia, companiile \u015fi statul rom\u00e2n, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t s\u0103 contribuie la dezvoltarea economic\u0103 a Rom\u00e2niei \u015fi la cre\u015fterea nivelului de trai al fiec\u0103rui consumator \u00een parte. Intermedierea financiar\u0103 se plaseaz\u0103 la 31,7% \u00een anul 2014, calculat\u0103 ca pondere a creditului acordat sectorului privat \u00een PIB, \u00een sc\u0103dere fa\u0163\u0103 de nivelul \u00eenregistrat \u00een anul 2011 de 39,5%.
Av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere eforturile comunit\u0103\u0163ii bancare din Rom\u00e2nia de a contracara efectele unei comunic\u0103ri ofesive \u00eempotriva b\u0103ncilor de natur\u0103 s\u0103 d\u0103uneze bunului mers al activita\u0163ii institu\u0163iilor de credit \u015fi economiei Rom\u00e2niei \u00een ansamblu, apreciem c\u0103 se impune ab\u021binerea de la promovarea unor ini\u021biative legislative care pot afecta disciplina de plat\u0103 care nu sunt \u00een concordan\u0163\u0103 cu reglement\u0103rile europene.
Asocia\u021bia Rom\u00e2n\u0103 a B\u0103ncilor solicit\u0103 ca directivele europene s\u0103 fie transpuse \u00een legisla\u021bia na\u0163ional\u0103 conform prevederilor aprobate de reglementatorii europeni \u0219i \u00een spiritul g\u00e2ndit de emiten\u021bi. Extinderea nerezonabil\u0103 a sferei de aplicare a legisla\u021biei europene ar induce un decalaj \u00eengrijorator \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te practicile bancare din Rom\u00e2nia fa\u021b\u0103 de celelalte state europene unde autorit\u0103\u021bile se limiteaz\u0103 strict la prevederile directivelor aprobate de legislativul european, inclusiv la nivel de costuri suportate de sistemul bancar.
\u00cen Rom\u00e2nia se \u00eenregistreaz\u0103 o particularitate, cea \u00een care anumite directive pe zona consumatorilor sunt transpuse sau cel pu\u0163in se \u00eencearc\u0103 s\u0103 se transpun\u0103 contrar prevederilor aprobate de reglementatorii europeni, ceea ce duce la a\u015ftept\u0103ri nerealiste din partea clien\u0163ilor.
Promovarea \u00een spa\u0163iul public a unor ini\u0163iative legislative sau adapt\u0103ri ale directivelor europene \u00een discordan\u0163\u0103 cu textul propus la nivelul Uniunii Europene afecteaz\u0103 negativ disciplina de plat\u0103, imaginea \u015fi \u00eencrederea \u00een sistemul bancar.
Un exemplu \u00een acest sens este proiectul de Lege privind contractele de credit pentru consumatori garantate cu bunuri imobile, ini\u0163iat de Autoritatea Na\u0163ional\u0103 pentru Protec\u0163ia Consumatorilor (ANPC), de transpunere a Directivei 17\/2014\u00a0privind contractele de credit oferite consumatorilor pentru bunuri imobile reziden\u021biale. Propunerile avansate de comunitatea bancar\u0103 autorit\u0103\u0163ilor au \u00een vedere transpunerea complet\u0103 \u0219i corect\u0103 a dispozi\u021biilor obligatorii din Directiva 17\/2014 privind contractele de credit oferite consumatorilor pentru bunuri imobile reziden\u021biale, prin care s\u0103 se \u021bin\u0103 cont de interesele tuturor p\u0103r\u021bilor implicate, inclusiv ale creditorilor. Consider\u0103m c\u0103 reglementarea restrictiv\u0103 reie\u0219it\u0103 din dispozi\u021biile proiectului de transpunere a Directivei \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te acele aspecte l\u0103sate la latitudinea statelor membre ar trebui s\u0103 aib\u0103 ca fundament o analiz\u0103 de impact prealabil\u0103 \u015fi detaliat\u0103. Solicit\u0103m respectarea prevederilor Directivei privind aplicarea la contractele \u00eencheiate dup\u0103 data de 21 martie 2016. Trebuie s\u0103 transpar\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 echivoc ideea c\u0103 legea care transpune directiva se aplic\u0103 exclusiv contractelor de credit \u00eencheiate dup\u0103 aceast\u0103 dat\u0103 av\u00e2nd in vedere c\u0103 prevederile directivei interzic aplicarea la contractele existente \u00eenainte de 21 martie 2016. Comunitatea bancar\u0103 su\u0163ine alinierea prevederilor la cadrul european privind returnarea sau transferul c\u0103tre creditor al garan\u021biei sau al veniturilor ob\u021binute din v\u00e2nzarea garan\u021biei, \u00een sensul de a nu obliga creditorul ca returnarea sau transferul garan\u021biei sau al veniturilor ob\u021binute din v\u00e2nzarea garan\u021biei s\u0103 fie suficiente pentru rambursarea total\u0103 a creditului, indiferent dac\u0103 acoper\u0103 costurile sau nu. Faptul c\u0103 restul de crean\u021b\u0103 ce nu a putut fi acoperit\u0103 din valorificarea bunului este considerat\u0103 stins\u0103 prin efectul legii echivaleaz\u0103 cu o expropriere a creditorului f\u0103r\u0103 compensa\u021bie sau vreo justificare obiectiv\u0103. ARB sus\u0163ine men\u0163inerea libert\u0103\u0163ii b\u0103ncilor de a se adapta la condi\u0163iile pie\u0163ei \u015fi eliminarea obligativit\u0103\u0163ii reducerilor de costuri.
Stabilirea obliga\u021biei creditorului de a reduce costurile ori de c\u00e2te ori rata de schimb valutar \u00eenregistreaz\u0103 fluctua\u021bii egale sau mai mari de 20% este excesiv\u0103. Acest mecanism reprezint\u0103 o limitare nejustificat\u0103 a principiului libert\u0103\u021bii contractuale consacrat de dispozitiile art. 1169 Cod civil \u0219i a libert\u0103\u021bii de stabilire a pre\u021burilor de c\u0103tre creditori \u00een concordan\u021b\u0103 cu principiile unei economii de pia\u021b\u0103. Creditorii trebuie s\u0103 se adapteze condi\u021biilor din pia\u021ba financiar\u0103, fluctua\u021biile de curs fiind independente de voin\u021ba acestora.<\/p>

Ar fi amenin\u021bat\u0103 capacitatea institu\u021biilor de credit de a mai acorda credite popula\u021biei pentru cump\u0103rarea de locuin\u021be, \u00eemprumuturi de altfel necesare dezvolt\u0103rii economice. De asemenea, ar fi descurajate \u015fi programele de stat privind achizi\u0163ia\/ construc\u0163ia de locuin\u0163e (programul Prima Cas\u0103). Ar putea afecta percep\u021bia asupra riscului de \u021bar\u0103, costul de finan\u021bare al entit\u0103\u021bilor private locale, c\u00e2t \u0219i costul de finan\u021bare al statului \u00een ansamblul s\u0103u.<\/p>

Un exemplu de transpunere excesiv\u0103 a unei directive europene (Directiva 93\/13\/CEE) este Legea nr. 193\/2000 privind clauzele abuzive modificat\u0103. O astfel de transpunere, f\u0103r\u0103 asigurarea respect\u0103rii principiului neretroactivit\u0103\u021bii legii, este de natur\u0103 s\u0103 d\u0103uneze bunului mers al activita\u0163ii institu\u0163iilor de credit \u015fi economiei Rom\u00e2niei \u00een ansamblu.
Asocia\u0163ia Rom\u00e2n\u0103 a B\u0103ncilor nu s-a opus \u0219i nu se poate opune ca instan\u021bele de judecat\u0103 s\u0103 analizeze \u0219i s\u0103 se pronun\u021be asupra caracterului abuziv al unei clauze \u00een baza prevederilor Legii nr. 193\/2000 privind clauzele abuzive din contractele \u00eencheiate \u00eentre profesioni\u0219ti \u0219i consumatori. Demersurile comunit\u0103\u0163ii bancare din Rom\u00e2nia urm\u0103resc conformarea prevederilor na\u0163ionale la dispozi\u0163iile reglementate la nivel european, cu asigurarea respect\u0103rii principiului neretroactivit\u0103\u021bii legii. Apreciem c\u0103 se impune aplicarea principiului predictibilit\u0103\u0163ii legii, securit\u0103\u0163ii \u015fi stabilit\u0103\u0163ii rapoartelor juridice, astfel c\u0103 impactul m\u0103surilor ce pot fi dispuse de instan\u0163\u0103 ar trebui s\u0103 se aplice doar la contractele \u00een curs de derulare \u00eencheiate dup\u0103 intrarea \u00een vigoare a modific\u0103rilor legii, respectiv dup\u0103 data de 01.10.2013.
Ceea ce pune \u00een discu\u021bie \u00eentreaga comunitate bancar\u0103 reprezentat\u0103 de Asocia\u021bia Rom\u00e2n\u0103 a B\u0103ncilor este prevederea introdus\u0103 \u00een Legea 193\/2000 prin Legea nr. 76\/2012, potrivit c\u0103reia instan\u021ba – \u00een cazul \u00een care constat\u0103 existen\u021ba clauzelor abuzive \u00een contract – oblig\u0103 prestatorul s\u0103 modifice toate contractele \u00een curs de executare, care nu sunt deduse judec\u0103\u021bii, indiferent de momentul \u00eencheierii acestora. Din practica instan\u021belor de p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een prezent a reie\u0219it c\u0103 acestea au pronun\u021bat hot\u0103r\u00e2ri diferite \u00een cazuri similare.
Un singur caz pierdut printr-o decizie irevocabil\u0103 de c\u0103tre orice banc\u0103 poate avea un efect cu poten\u021bial devastator asupra \u00eentregului portofoliu similar de contracte. \u00cen schimb, un caz c\u00e2\u0219tigat de o institu\u0163ie va produce efecte doar asupra acelui caz. Acest lucru \u00eenseamn\u0103, dac\u0103 ne referim \u00een particular la contractele de credit, c\u0103 dac\u0103 o banc\u0103 c\u00e2\u0219tig\u0103 \u00een 999 de cazuri \u015fi pierde \u00eentr-unul singur, atunci decizia judec\u0103toreasc\u0103 negativ\u0103 din acest singur caz este de fapt o decizie judec\u0103toreasc\u0103 \u00eempotriva tuturor contractelor cu clauze similare, chiar \u015fi cele c\u00e2\u015ftigate deja de banc\u0103. Comunitatea bancar\u0103 solicit\u0103 asigurarea principilui echit\u0103\u021bii procesului de justi\u021bie.<\/p>

Pe fondul unui context interna\u0163ional tensionat, astfel de „adapt\u0103ri”\/ ingerin\u0163e – chiar \u015fi uneori numai la nivel declarativ, pot aduce atingere stabilit\u0103\u0163ii financiare \u015fi afecteaz\u0103 climatul concuren\u0163ial \u00een sistemul bancar. \u00cen absen\u021ba unor perspective de stabilitate similare cu cele ale sectoarelor bancare performante din regiune \u015fi \u00een situa\u0163ia unor astfel de ingerin\u0163e, capitalul nu are nicio motiva\u021bie s\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 \u0219i cu at\u00e2t mai pu\u021bin s\u0103 vin\u0103 \u00een sectorul bancar rom\u00e2nesc.
Priorit\u0103\u021bile industriei bancare vizeaz\u0103 men\u021binerea rolului sistemului bancar de principal finan\u021bator al economiei Rom\u00e2niei cu asigurarea stabilit\u0103\u021bii \u0219i credibilit\u0103\u021bii sectorului bancar Sistemul bancar rom\u00e2nesc finan\u0163eaz\u0103 preponderent economia rom\u00e2neasc\u0103, asigur\u00e2nd aproximativ 92% din totalul finan\u0163\u0103rilor acordate de sistemul financiar rom\u00e2nesc. Sectorul bancar din Rom\u00e2nia, care deserve\u0219te milioane de clien\u021bi, s-a dovedit a fi rezilient pe perioada crizei, nefiind nevoie de sprijin din fonduri publice pentru sus\u021binerea acestuia.
Ne exprim\u0103m speran\u021ba c\u0103 vom putea identifica o manier\u0103 adecvat\u0103 de a veni \u00een \u00eent\u00e2mpinarea clien\u0163ilor prin adoptarea unei abord\u0103ri constructive fa\u0163\u0103 de consumatori, dar f\u0103r\u0103 a aduce atingeri ireversibile situa\u0163iilor financiare ale unor b\u0103nci comerciale \u015fi f\u0103r\u0103 a conduce la situa\u0163ii \u015fi m\u0103suri de criz\u0103 \u00een defavoarea economiei Rom\u00e2niei.
Sistemul bancar poate fi un pilon puternic pentru economie, dar necesit\u0103 certitudine cu privire la legisla\u0163ie \u015fi reglementare \u0219i o concuren\u021b\u0103 s\u0103n\u0103toas\u0103. Aversiunea fa\u021b\u0103 de risc a cadrului legislativ pentru b\u0103nci poate exercita presiune sau risc \u00een alt sector al economiei.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Gabriela Folcu\u0163, Pre\u015fedinte Comisia de Comunicare – Pia\u0163a Financiar\u0103, iulie – august 2015 <\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2646493,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5306","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aparitii-media"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nSistemul bancar solicit\u0103 certitudine legislativ\u0103 \u0219i o concuren\u021b\u0103 s\u0103n\u0103toas\u0103 - Asocia\u021bia Rom\u00e2n\u0103 a B\u0103ncilor (ARB)<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.arb.ro\/en\/sistemul-bancar-solicita-certitudine-legislativa-si-o-concurenta-sanatoasa\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Sistemul bancar solicit\u0103 certitudine legislativ\u0103 \u0219i o concuren\u021b\u0103 s\u0103n\u0103toas\u0103 - 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