{"id":5210,"date":"2015-12-18T09:52:29","date_gmt":"2015-12-18T07:52:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.arb.ro\/?p=5210"},"modified":"2024-01-20T14:03:19","modified_gmt":"2024-01-20T12:03:19","slug":"o-lege-neconstitutionala-antinationala-antieconomica-si-antieuropeana","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.arb.ro\/en\/o-lege-neconstitutionala-antinationala-antieconomica-si-antieuropeana\/","title":{"rendered":"O lege neconstitu\u0163ional\u0103, antina\u0163ional\u0103, antieconomic\u0103 \u015fi antieuropean\u0103 - only in romanian"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Asocia\u021bia Rom\u00e2n\u0103 a B\u0103ncilor consider\u0103 c\u0103 Legea privind darea \u00een plat\u0103 a unor bunuri imobile \u00een vederea stingerii obliga\u0163iilor asumate prin credite \u00een forma aprobat\u0103 de Parlamentul Rom\u00e2niei \u00een data de 25 noiembrie 2015 este antieconomic\u0103, antieuropean\u0103, neconstitu\u021bional\u0103 \u0219i antina\u021bional\u0103. Comunitatea bancar\u0103 nu poate accepta ca Rom\u00e2nia, stat european, s\u0103 permit\u0103 instituirea prin lege a dreptului de a nu mai pl\u0103ti datoriile contractate de debitori la b\u0103nci cu afectarea stabilit\u0103\u0163ii sistemului bancar \u015fi posibilitatea inducerii unei crize \u00een economia na\u0163ional\u0103.<\/strong><\/p>

O astfel de lege privind darea \u00een plat\u0103 nu exist\u0103 \u00een aceast\u0103 form\u0103 \u00een niciun stat din Uniunea European\u0103. \u00cen nicio \u021bar\u0103 din UE legislativul nu a schimbat regula \u00een timpul jocului, oblig\u00e2nd vreun actor economic s\u0103 piard\u0103 dreptul s\u0103u, aplic\u00e2nd darea \u00een plat\u0103 retroactiv. Statul nu poate interveni \u00een contractul \u00eencheiat deja \u00eentre p\u0103r\u021bi. Legea propus\u0103 are tocmai acest caracter abuziv \u0219i neconstitu\u021bional. Cine are de c\u00e2\u0219tigat dintr-o astfel de lege?<\/p>

Primul r\u00e2nd din expunerea de motive redactat\u0103 \u0219i sus\u021binut\u0103 de ini\u021biatorii legii subliniaz\u0103 „\u00cen contextul \u00een care debitorii – persoane fizice- din contractele de credit nu dispun de mijloacele necesare achit\u0103rii creditului\u2026”. Vorbesc de cei care „nu dispun de mijloacele necesare achit\u0103rii creditului”, dar legea nu distinge nici un criteriu care s\u0103 prevad\u0103 c\u0103 se aplic\u0103 strict celor care \u00eent\u00e2mpin\u0103 dificult\u0103\u021bi financiare. Ini\u0163iatorii au declarat ca se adopt\u0103 o lege pentru 800.000 de clien\u0163i care au probleme cu plata creditelor cu ipotec\u0103 \u00eens\u0103 statisticile oficiale arat\u0103 c\u0103 71.000 de titulari de credite cu garan\u0163ie imobiliar\u0103 \u00eenregistreaz\u0103 restan\u021be. O minim\u0103 documentare a ini\u021biatorilor ar fi demonstrat nu numai c\u0103 \u00een Rom\u00e2nia nu exist\u0103 800.000 de clien\u021bi cu restan\u021be la creditele cu garan\u021bie imobiliar\u0103 ci \u0219i c\u0103 num\u0103rul tuturor contractelor de credit cu garan\u021bie imobiliar\u0103 \u00eencheiate de persoanele fizice nu dep\u0103\u0219e\u0219te 500.000, fiind de 491.600.<\/p>

Statisticile demonstreaz\u0103 c\u0103 tocmai clien\u021bii cu credite de valori mai mici, de p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 150.000 de euro sunt cei mai buni platnici. Dar legea este pentru to\u021bi. Pentru cei care pot s\u0103 pl\u0103teasc\u0103 dar nu mai vor \u0219i pentru cei care nu mai pot s\u0103 pl\u0103teasc\u0103. Aceast\u0103 form\u0103 a legii \u00eei permite unui client care are un milion de euro \u00een cont \u0219i un teren, pe care l-a cump\u0103rat \u00een perioada \u00een care valora mai mult, s\u0103 nu mai pl\u0103teasc\u0103 creditul. \u00cei permite s\u0103 nu mai ramburseze banii pe care banca i-a intermediat \u0219i i-a plasat de la deponent la \u00eemprumutat.<\/p>

Debitorii f\u0103r\u0103 probleme financiare, sub impactul efectului de hazard moral, sunt ajuta\u021bi prin aceast\u0103 form\u0103 a legii s\u0103 se ad\u0103posteasc\u0103 \u015fi s\u0103 nu-\u015fi mai pl\u0103teasc\u0103 ratele.<\/p>

De men\u021bionat c\u0103 stabilirea de criterii care s\u0103 prevad\u0103 aplicarea doar pentru cazurile cu probleme financiare a fost respins\u0103 de parlamentari.<\/p>

Aceast\u0103 lege pericliteaz\u0103 pia\u0163a creditului imobiliar cu consecin\u0163e extreme pentru tinerele familii \u015fi pentru orice t\u00e2n\u0103r, \u00een general, care vor resim\u0163i accesul la credit drastic restric\u0163ionat. Apari\u0163ia acestei legi privind darea \u00een plat\u0103, \u00een care creditul cu garan\u0163ie imobiliar\u0103 este \u00eent\u00e2mpinat cu posibilitatea de a fi pl\u0103tit \u00eentr-o sum\u0103 mai mic\u0103 prin darea \u00een plat\u0103 a garan\u0163iei respective, determin\u0103 b\u0103ncile ca, pentru produsele urm\u0103toare, s\u0103 \u00een\u0103spreasc\u0103 ferm condi\u0163iile de creditare. Nu pentru c\u0103 \u00ee\u015fi doresc, ci pentru c\u0103 sunt obligate de propria func\u0163ionare \u015fi pentru c\u0103 trebuie s\u0103 ia \u00een calcul acest risc. Avansul solicitat la un credit va fi probabil de 30-50%, iar costurile credit\u0103rii vor cre\u0219te. Rom\u00e2nii cu resurse b\u0103ne\u015fti limitate se vor afla \u00een imposibilitatea de a cumpara case. O prim\u0103 consecin\u021b\u0103 a cre\u0219terii ofertei de imobile pe pia\u021ba imobiliar\u0103 va fi sc\u0103derea pre\u021burilor. \u00cen urma sc\u0103derii previzibile a pre\u0163urilor imobilelor – \u00eentr-o \u0163ar\u0103 de proprietari -, averea rom\u00e2nilor va sc\u0103dea.<\/p>

Dar ar ap\u0103rea \u015fi costuri foarte mari, la care nimeni nu s-a g\u00e2ndit, de conservare, de \u00eentre\u0163inere a acelor case, care s-ar ad\u0103uga la costurile b\u0103ncii. \u015ei iar vor veni unii \u015fi vor spune c\u0103 avem costuri mai mari dec\u00e2t b\u0103ncile din afar\u0103. Dar b\u0103ncile din afar\u0103 nu au astfel de legi, \u0163\u0103rile celelalte respect\u0103 legisla\u0163ia european\u0103.<\/p>

Legea va avea, prin restric\u0163ionarea accesului la credit, un impact negativ pe orizontal\u0103 asupra dezvoltatorilor imobiliari, industriei construc\u0163iilor, industriei materialelor de construc\u0163ii \u015fi num\u0103rului de tranzac\u0163ii imobiliare.<\/p>

Legea adoptat\u0103 induce riscuri sistemice sectorului bancar din Rom\u00e2nia, av\u00e2nd impact asupra stabilit\u0103\u0163ii financiare a acestuia prin afectarea solvabilit\u0103\u0163ii b\u0103ncilor cu posibile consecin\u0163e asupra deponen\u0163ilor. Pe parcursul crizei, sistemul bancar nu a fost sprijinit cu bani de la stat. Factura crizei a fost pl\u0103tit\u0103 \u015fi de sistemul bancar. \u00cen perioada 2009 – 2014, sistemul bancar a \u00eenregistrat o pierdere net\u0103 consolidat\u0103 de 1,6 mld. euro. Aporturile suplimentare de capital s-au ridicat la 1,8 mld. euro \u00een perioada\u00a0 2009 \u2013 2014. Aceast\u0103 lege genereaz\u0103 impact direct asupra bugetului statului prin intermediul programului Prima Cas\u0103, care este garantat de FNGCIMM \u00een propor\u0163ie de 50%. Pierderea garan\u021biilor acordate de statul rom\u00e2n prin programul Prima Cas\u0103 nu va l\u0103sa impasibile b\u0103ncile, iar ac\u021biunile lor se vor \u00eendrepta asupra statului rom\u00e2n cu consecin\u021be directe asupra tuturor cet\u0103\u021benilor. Programul Prima Cas\u0103 va fi cel mai probabil stopat.<\/p>

Legea poate avea consecin\u0163e fiscale importante pentru institu\u021biile de credit \u015fi poate determina \u015fi efecte negative asupra bugetului, deoarece vor sc\u0103dea \u00eencas\u0103rile din impozitul pe profit de la b\u0103nci. Obliga\u0163iunile ipotecare care ar fi urmat s\u0103 fie lansate tocmai pentru a genera resurse mai ieftine pentru creditare sunt \u00een aceast\u0103 situa\u021bie compromise \u00eenainte s\u0103 le lans\u0103m. Asist\u0103m la o total\u0103 lips\u0103 de predictibilitate a mediului de business \u015fi legislativ.<\/p>

Impactul este unul semnificativ \u015fi de o complexitate mult mai mare dec\u00e2t ar p\u0103rea la prima vedere. Nu este vorba doar de un impact consistent de provizionare la nivelul b\u0103ncilor \u015fi care aduce o influen\u0163\u0103 negativ\u0103 industriei bancare. Se transfer\u0103 un efect negativ asupra credit\u0103rii economiei reale. Nevoia de capitalizare suplimentar\u0103 generat\u0103 de aplicarea acestei legi va fi resim\u021bit\u0103 din plin \u00een cadrul exerci\u021biului de testare (AQR) care se va desf\u0103sura anul viitor. \u0218i iar se vor auzi voci din economie c\u0103 b\u0103ncile nu acord\u0103 credite.<\/p>

Asocia\u0163ia Rom\u00e2n\u0103 a B\u0103ncilor a \u00eenaintat Administra\u0163iei Preziden\u0163iale solicitarea ca Pre\u015fedintele s\u0103 sesizeze Curtea Constitu\u0163ional\u0103 sau s\u0103 trimit\u0103 legea la reexaminare. Legea adoptat\u0103 de Parlament contravine prevederilor din Constitu\u0163ia Rom\u00e2niei, dreptului european \u00een vigoare, respectiv Directivei 17\/2014, \u015fi Codului Civil. Astfel, aceast\u0103 lege \u00eencalc\u0103 principiile neretroactivit\u0103\u0163ii, predictibilit\u0103\u0163ii \u015fi propor\u0163ionalit\u0103\u0163ii legii, precum \u015fi dreptul de proprietate prev\u0103zute de Constitu\u0163ia Rom\u00e2niei. Asocia\u0163ia Rom\u00e2n\u0103 a B\u0103ncilor a sesizat Comisia European\u0103 si Banca Central\u0103 European\u0103 (BCE) s\u0103 se asigure ca Rom\u00e2nia transpune corect Directiva 17\/2014 pentru a evita infringementul. Ar fi trebuit s\u0103 fie consultat\u0103 BCE cu privire la o astfel de lege cu impact sistemic.
Comunitatea bancar\u0103 solicit\u0103 alinierea prevederilor na\u0163ionale la cadrul european dat de Directiva 17\/2014 privind returnarea sau transferul c\u0103tre creditor al garan\u021biei sau al veniturilor ob\u021binute din v\u00e2nzarea garan\u021biei. Directiva european\u0103 men\u0163ioneaz\u0103 c\u0103 p\u0103r\u0163ile dintr-un contract pot decide de bun\u0103voie \u015fi doar pentru viitor, \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu data de 21 martie 2016, ca returnarea \/ transferul c\u0103tre creditor al garan\u021biei este suficient\u0103 pentru a rambursa creditul. Are caracter voluntar nu obligatoriu. De altfel \u0219i modelul spaniol privind darea \u00een plat\u0103 este voluntar \u0219i include o serie de criterii de selec\u021bie a celor care au dificult\u0103\u021bi financiare reale \u0219i care ar putea beneficia de darea \u00een plat\u0103.<\/p>

Prin legea aprobat\u0103 de Parlament \u00een noiembrie, neconstitu\u021bional\u0103 prin aplicarea la contractele existente \u0219i contrar\u0103 directivei, statul oblig\u0103 banca s\u0103 accepte o astfel de procedur\u0103. Se pune \u00een pericol echilibrul balan\u0163ei creditori-debitori-depun\u0103tori.<\/p>

B\u0103ncile nu trebuie s\u0103 fie penalizate de elementele care au afectat at\u00e2t clien\u0163ii c\u00e2t \u015fi b\u0103ncile, at\u00e2t criza c\u00e2t \u015fi nivelul redus de educa\u0163ie financiar\u0103, ci trebuie cu to\u0163ii – statul, autorit\u0103\u0163ile \u015fi noi, de acum \u00eencolo, s\u0103 \u00eenv\u0103\u0163\u0103m ce am avut de \u00eenv\u0103\u0163at din aceste elemente \u015fi s\u0103 contribuim la cre\u015fterea nivelului de educa\u0163ie financiar\u0103. Inclusiv reglementatorii europeni s-au raliat la aceast\u0103 idee. Trebuie s\u0103 \u00een\u0163elegem c\u0103 acesta este momentul la nivel european, mondial, \u00een care cu to\u0163ii trebuie s\u0103 fim con\u015ftien\u0163i de o nevoie mai crescut\u0103 pentru clien\u0163i mai educa\u0163i. \u015ei b\u0103ncile au nevoie de asta pentru c\u0103, \u00een prezent, \u00eenregistreaz\u0103 pierderi din cauza estim\u0103rilor mult prea optimiste de dinainte de criz\u0103 \u015fi a nivelului redus de educa\u0163ie financiar\u0103.<\/p>

\u00cen\u021belegem cu to\u021bii c\u0103 legea d\u0103rii \u00een plat\u0103 afecteaz\u0103 toate categoriile sociale, cu excep\u0163ia celor care doresc s\u0103 transfere o pierdere, din ni\u015fte decizii de business gre\u015fite, pe b\u0103nci. Nu r\u0103m\u00e2ne s\u0103 nu ne \u00eentreb\u0103m cum poate un stat european s\u0103 contribuie voit prin lege la crearea unei probleme sistemice pie\u021bei financiare care sus\u021bine economia.<\/p>

Ne exprim\u0103m speran\u021ba c\u0103 autorit\u0103\u021bile vor con\u0219tientiza importan\u021ba asigur\u0103rii predictibilit\u0103\u021bii mediului de business, respectarea drepturilor conform Constitu\u021biei Rom\u00e2niei \u0219i normelor europene, l\u0103s\u00e2nd astfel calea deschis\u0103 pentru o rela\u021bie corect\u0103 \u00eentre b\u0103nci \u0219i clien\u021bii lor.<\/p>

\"arb-darea-in-plata\"<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Florin D\u0103nescu, Pre\u0219edinte Executiv, ARB, – Pia\u021ba Financiar\u0103, decembrie 2015 <\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2645376,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5210","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aparitii-media"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nO lege neconstitu\u0163ional\u0103, antina\u0163ional\u0103, antieconomic\u0103 \u015fi antieuropean\u0103 - Asocia\u021bia Rom\u00e2n\u0103 a B\u0103ncilor (ARB)<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.arb.ro\/en\/o-lege-neconstitutionala-antinationala-antieconomica-si-antieuropeana\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"O lege neconstitu\u0163ional\u0103, antina\u0163ional\u0103, antieconomic\u0103 \u015fi antieuropean\u0103 - 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