{"id":4502,"date":"2015-03-18T10:27:44","date_gmt":"2015-03-18T08:27:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.arb.ro\/?p=4502"},"modified":"2024-01-20T14:04:47","modified_gmt":"2024-01-20T12:04:47","slug":"arb-solicita","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.arb.ro\/en\/arb-solicita\/","title":{"rendered":"ARB solicita - only in romanian"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Aplicarea directivei creditului ipotecar \u00een spiritul g\u00e2ndit de emiten\u021bi<\/h3>

Comunitatea bancar\u0103 din Rom\u00e2nia solicit\u0103 ca directivele europene s\u0103 fie transpuse \u00een legisla\u021bia na\u0163ional\u0103 conform prevederilor aprobate de reglementatorii europeni \u0219i \u00een spiritul g\u00e2ndit de emiten\u021bi. Ar trebui s\u0103 ne asigur\u0103m c\u0103 transpunerea directivelor, \u0219i aici facem referire \u00een special la directiva 17\/2014 privind contractele de credit oferite consumatorilor pentru bunuri imobile, se face \u00een conformitate cu prevederile acestora, pentru a evita experien\u021ba din anul 2010 cu transpunerea directivei 48\/2008. <\/strong><\/p>

Asocia\u021bia Rom\u00e2n\u0103 a B\u0103ncilor a \u00eenaintat Autorit\u0103\u021bii Na\u021bionale pentru Protec\u021bia Consumatorilor comentariile \u0219i propunerile comunit\u0103\u021bii bancare cu privire la proiectul de lege privind contractele de credit pentru consumatori garantate cu bunuri imobile al c\u0103rui ini\u021biator este ANPC. Propunerile au \u00een vedere transpunerea complet\u0103 \u0219i corect\u0103 a dispozi\u021biilor obligatorii din Directiva nr. 17\/2014 privind contractele de credit oferite consumatorilor pentru bunuri imobile, prin care s\u0103 se \u021bin\u0103 cont de interesele tuturor p\u0103r\u021bilor implicate, inclusiv ale creditorilor.<\/p>

Consider\u0103m c\u0103 reglementarea restrictiv\u0103 reie\u0219it\u0103 din dispozi\u021biile proiectului de transpunere a directivei \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te acele aspecte l\u0103sate la latitudinea statelor membre ar trebui s\u0103 aib\u0103 ca fundament o analiz\u0103 de impact detaliat\u0103 \u0219i consult\u0103ri publice care s\u0103 vizeze fiecare astfel de aspect \u00een parte, desf\u0103\u0219urate pe o perioad\u0103 rezonabil\u0103.<\/p>

Legisla\u021bia european\u0103 prin Directiva 17\/2014 are la baz\u0103 o serie de principii clare de ac\u021biune \u0219i cel mai important dintre ele este legat de aplicarea doar la contractele viitoare. Propunem utilizarea unei exprim\u0103ri foarte clare privind respectarea art. 43 din Directiva 17\/2014 care precizeaz\u0103 c\u0103 \u201cnu se aplic\u0103 contractelor de credit existente \u00eenainte de 21 martie 2016\u201d. Trebuie s\u0103 transpar\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 echivoc ideea c\u0103 legea care transpune directiva se aplic\u0103 exclusiv contractelor de credit \u00eencheiate dup\u0103 aceast\u0103 dat\u0103 \u0219i nu la stocul de contracte av\u00e2nd in vedere c\u0103 prevederile directivei interzic aplicarea la contractele existente \u00eenainte de 21 martie 2016.<\/p>

Un alt amendament adus de comunitatea bancar\u0103 prive\u0219te eliminarea articolului din textul proiectului de lege care prevede c\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd fluctua\u021bia ratei de schimb valutar este egal\u0103 sau mai mare de 20%, creditorul ofer\u0103 consumatorului posibilitatea de reducere a costurilor, respectiv de cel pu\u021bin 10% din costul dob\u00e2nzii sau al comisionului. Aceast\u0103 obliga\u021bie excede prevederilor Directivei \u0219i \u00een plus este neclar\u0103 cu privire la modul \u0219i durata pentru care se aplic\u0103. Stabilirea obliga\u021biei creditorului de a reduce costurile ori de c\u00e2te ori rata de schimb valutar \u00eenregistreaz\u0103 fluctua\u021bii egale sau mai mari de 20% este excesiv\u0103. Acest mecanism reprezint\u0103 o limitare nejustificat\u0103 a principiului libert\u0103\u021bii contractuale consacrat de dispozitiile art. 1169 Cod civil \u0219i a libert\u0103\u021bii de stabilire a pre\u021burilor de c\u0103tre creditori \u00een concordan\u021b\u0103 cu principiile unei economii de pia\u021b\u0103. Creditorii trebuie s\u0103 se adapteze condi\u021biilor din pia\u021ba financiar\u0103, fluctua\u021biile de curs fiind independente de voin\u021ba acestora.<\/p>

Textul proiectului de lege care condi\u021bioneaz\u0103 ca returnarea sau transferarea c\u0103tre creditor a garan\u021biei sau a veniturilor ob\u021binute din v\u00e2nzarea garan\u021biei este suficient\u0103 pentru rambursarea total\u0103 a creditului excede, de asemenea, cadrul Directivei. Directiva european\u0103 17\/2014 men\u021bioneaz\u0103 doar c\u0103 statele membre nu \u00eempiedic\u0103 p\u0103r\u021bile la un contract de credit s\u0103 convin\u0103 \u00een mod explicit c\u0103 returnarea sau transferul c\u0103tre creditor al garan\u021biei sau al veniturilor ob\u021binute din v\u00e2nzarea garan\u021biei este suficient pentru a rambursa creditul.<\/p>

Consider\u0103m c\u0103 este o m\u0103sur\u0103 discriminatorie pentru debitorii ce \u00ee\u0219i \u00eendeplinesc obliga\u021biile contractuale \u00een integralitate \u0219i poate genera abuzuri din partea unor debitori de rea credin\u021b\u0103 \u00een dezavantajul celor de bun\u0103 credin\u021b\u0103. Faptul c\u0103 restul de crean\u021b\u0103 ce nu a putut fi acoperit\u0103 din valorificarea bunului este considerat\u0103 stins\u0103 prin efectul legii echivaleaz\u0103 cu o expropriere a creditorului f\u0103r\u0103 compensa\u021bie sau vreo justificare obiectiv\u0103.<\/p>

Legisla\u021bia \u00een vigoare la acest moment con\u021bine deja condi\u021bii pentru preluarea bunului \u00een contul crean\u021bei, art. 2460 din Codul civil, care confer\u0103 o protec\u021bie suficient\u0103 constituitorului.<\/p>

Aceast\u0103 prevedere transfer\u0103 riscul de pia\u021b\u0103 de valorificare a imobilului \u00een sarcina creditorului, de\u0219i creditorul este un intermediar financiar nu imobiliar. O astfel de abordare contravine reglement\u0103rilor pruden\u021biale, care restric\u021bioneaz\u0103 dob\u00e2ndirea de c\u0103tre creditor a imobilelor \u0219i poate periclita pozi\u021bia financiar\u0103 a creditorului \u00een situa\u021bia unor condi\u021bii nefavorabile pe pia\u021ba imobiliar\u0103. Acest aspect ar putea conduce la practicarea unor rapoarte LTV (loan to value) foarte reduse, tocmai pentru ca operatorul economic s\u0103 poat\u0103 recupera banii acorda\u021bi \u00een creditare la un nivel c\u00e2t mai optim, ceea ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 va acorda credite \u00een valori mai reduse.<\/p>

De asemenea, consider\u0103m excesiv\u0103 prevederea care men\u021bioneaz\u0103 c\u0103 \u00een cazul imposibilit\u0103\u021bii consumatorilor de a accepta majorarea dob\u00e2nzii, creditorul nu are dreptul s\u0103 denun\u021be unilateral sau s\u0103 rezilieze contractul \u0219i c\u0103 trebuie s\u0103 f\u0103c\u0103 o propunere de ree\u0219alonare sau de refinan\u021bare a creditului, \u00een raport cu veniturile actuale ale consumatorului.<\/p>

\u00cen orice situatie, se arat\u0103 \u00een proiectul de lege, rata dob\u00e2nzii aplicabile anual sumei trase din credit nu poate fi mai mare de 15%. Apreciem c\u0103 acest articol instituie o limitare \u00een mod arbitrar a libert\u0103\u021bii creditorului de stabilire a politicii de pre\u021buri, \u00een conditiile unei pie\u021be concuren\u021biale.<\/p>

\u00cen func\u021bie de evolu\u021bia pie\u021bei financiare, \u00een special ratele dob\u00e2nzilor de refinan\u021bare, aceast\u0103 limitare ar putea \u00eempiedica acordarea de credite consumatorilor, \u00een condi\u021biile \u00een care creditorul nu s-ar putea finan\u021ba sub limita impus\u0103 arbitrar.<\/p>

Comunitatea bancar\u0103 solicit\u0103 men\u021binerea prevederilor directivei \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te cursul de schimb la care se poate efectua conversia. Directiva men\u021bioneaz\u0103 c\u0103 un consumator are dreptul s\u0103 converteasc\u0103 un contract de credit \u00eentr-o moneda alternativ\u0103, iar cursul de schimb la care se efectueaz\u0103 conversia este rata de schimb a pie\u021bei aplicabil\u0103 \u00een ziua aplic\u0103rii conversiei, \u0219i nu este rata de schimb oficial\u0103 afi\u0219at\u0103 de Banca Na\u021bional\u0103 a Rom\u00e2niei cum se prevede \u00een proiectul de transpunere a directivei. De asemenea, costurile generate de conversia creditului care nu \u021bin de banc\u0103 trebuie asumate de client. Trebuie \u021binut cont de faptul c\u0103 o eventual\u0103 conversie a creditului \u00een alt\u0103 valut\u0103 impune at\u00e2t adi\u021bionarea contractului\u00a0de ipotec\u0103 imobiliar\u0103, c\u00e2t \u015fi re\u00eenregistrarea garan\u021biei de tip ipotec\u0103 mobiliar\u0103 \u00eenscris\u0103 la Arhiva Electronic\u0103 de Garan\u021bii Reale Mobiliare (AEGRM) la noua valoare \u0219i valut\u0103 a creditului, iar acest lucru presupune costuri, care nu le revin b\u0103ncilor, ci sunt datorate de client notarului \u0219i operatorului de arhiv\u0103 \u0219i evaluatorului.<\/p>

Prevederile din textul proiectului de lege prin care se interzic cesionarea contractului de ipotec\u0103 ce are ca obiect bunuri imobile reziden\u021biale c\u0103tre un operator financiar bancar sau nebancar care nu are sediul social sau o sucursala \u00een Rom\u00e2nia \u0219i cesionarea crean\u021belor unor persoane care nu sunt institu\u021bii de credit sau institu\u021bii financiare nebancare sunt de natur\u0103 a afecta competitivitatea pe pia\u021b\u0103 \u0219i limita accesul operatorilor str\u0103ini, ceea ce este contrar spiritului directivei.<\/p>

Aceast\u0103 prevedere contravine Legii nr. 93\/2009, care prevede c\u0103 cesiunea portofoliilor de credite \u00eencadrate \u00een categoria pierdere nu constituie activitate de creditare. De asemenea, contravine art. 35 si 37 TFUE (Tratatul privind Func\u021bionarea Uniunii Europene) privind libera circula\u021bie a m\u0103rfurilor, instituind o restric\u021bie de dob\u00e2ndire pentru cet\u0103\u021benii str\u0103ini.<\/p>

Comunitatea bancar\u0103 a mai propus ini\u021biatorului eliminarea prevederii conform c\u0103reia consumatorul are dreptul s\u0103 aleag\u0103 dac\u0103 evaluarea este realizat\u0103 de un evaluator extern independent sau de un evaluator intern independent al creditorului. Activitatea de evaluare este practic externalizat\u0103 \u0219i intr\u0103 sub inciden\u021ba prevederilor BNR privind activit\u0103\u021bile externalizate. \u00cen aceast\u0103 situa\u021bie, ar putea exista riscuri opera\u021bionale suplimentare.<\/p>

Extinderea nerezonabil\u0103 a sferei de aplicare a legisla\u021biei europene ar induce un decalaj \u00eengrijorator \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te practicile bancare din Rom\u00e2nia fa\u021b\u0103 de celelalte state europene unde autorit\u0103\u021bile se limiteaz\u0103 strict la prevederile directivelor aprobate de legislativul european, inclusiv la nivel de costuri suportate de sistemul bancar. Ar fi amenin\u021bat\u0103 capacitatea institu\u021biilor de credit de a mai acorda credite popula\u021biei pentru cump\u0103rarea de locuin\u021be, \u00eemprumuturi de altfel necesare dezvolt\u0103rii economice. Ar putea afecta percep\u021bia asupra riscului de \u021bar\u0103, costul de finan\u021bare al entit\u0103\u021bilor private locale, c\u00e2t \u0219i costul de finan\u021bare al statului \u00een ansamblul s\u0103u.<\/p>

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Aplicarea directivei creditului ipotecar in spiritul gandit de emitenti<\/h3>\n

Florin D\u0103nescu, Pre\u0219edinte Executiv, ARB, – Pia\u021ba Financiar\u0103, martie 2015 <\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2645376,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4502","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aparitii-media"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nARB solicita - Asocia\u021bia Rom\u00e2n\u0103 a B\u0103ncilor (ARB)<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.arb.ro\/en\/arb-solicita\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"ARB solicita - Asocia\u021bia Rom\u00e2n\u0103 a B\u0103ncilor (ARB)\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Aplicarea directivei creditului ipotecar in spiritul gandit de emitenti Florin D\u0103nescu, Pre\u0219edinte Executiv, ARB, - 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