{"id":4419,"date":"2014-12-18T10:31:59","date_gmt":"2014-12-18T08:31:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.arb.ro\/?p=4419"},"modified":"2024-01-20T14:05:43","modified_gmt":"2024-01-20T12:05:43","slug":"focus-in-banking-in-2015","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.arb.ro\/en\/focus-in-banking-in-2015\/","title":{"rendered":"Focus in banking in 2015 - only in romanian"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Creditarea, restabilirea \u00eencrederii \u0219i AQR-ul<\/h3>

Cre\u0219terea credit\u0103rii, m\u0103surile orientate pentru restabilirea \u00eencrederii \u0219i exerci\u021biul de evaluare a calit\u0103\u021bii activelor la nivelul sistemului bancar rom\u00e2nesc sunt principalele obiective pentru sistemul bancar pentru anul 2015. \u00cen ansamblu, anul 2014 r\u0103m\u00e2ne un an marcat de provoc\u0103ri pentru sistemul bancar poate cel mai dificil dintre anii care au trecut de la momentul declan\u0219\u0103rii crizei economice. Este nevoie de consecven\u021b\u0103 \u0219i optimisim pentru a ne asigura c\u0103 fiecare verig\u0103 a cercului economic \u00ee\u0219i \u00eendepline\u0219te rolul.<\/strong><\/p>

Preocup\u0103rile anului 2015 trebuie s\u0103 fie axate pe m\u0103suri de restabilire a \u00eencrederii investitorilor, at\u00e2t a clien\u021bilor corporate \u00een dezvoltarea afacerilor c\u00e2t \u0219i \u00een accesarea de finan\u021bare, precum \u0219i a b\u0103ncilor \u00een creditarea afacerilor clien\u021bilor existenti si a celor poten\u021biali.<\/p>

Raportul credite acordate \/depozite atrase este, dup\u0103 \u0219apte ani, unul subunitar de 99,75%. Din perspectiva asigur\u0103rii lichidit\u0103\u021bii, raportul subunitar este unul benefic \u00eens\u0103 din punct de vedere al businessului bancar contrac\u021bia soldului creditelor afecteaz\u0103 activitatea\/rentabilitatea. Sistemul bancar este marcat de o perioad\u0103 \u00een care fuziunile \u0219i achizi\u021biile vor conduce la o mai mare concentrare, iar competi\u021bia pentru clien\u021bii solvabili se va accentua.<\/p>

B\u0103ncile vor s\u0103 se implice tot mai mult \u00een creditare pentru a compensa sc\u0103derea bilan\u021burilor. Lichiditate exist\u0103 \u00een pia\u021b\u0103 \u0219i acest lucru este dovedit de nivelul sc\u0103zut al dob\u00e2nzilor de pe pia\u021ba monetar\u0103, ROBOR 3M \u00eenregistr\u00e2nd \u0219i nivelul de 1,65% \u00een prima parte a lunii decembrie.<\/p>

Consider\u0103m c\u0103 trebuie eliminate toate barierele astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t b\u0103ncile s\u0103 poata accelera creditarea. Trebuie men\u021binut cadrul reglementativ european \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te activitatea bancar\u0103. Experien\u021ba anilor de criz\u0103 le-a determinat pe b\u0103nci s\u0103 fie mai prudente \u00een plasarea banilor deponen\u021bilor.<\/p>

Ne dorim ca activitatea Asocia\u021biei Rom\u00e2ne a B\u0103ncilor s\u0103 fie din ce \u00een ce mai mult focusat\u0103 pe colaborarea cu autorit\u0103\u021bile pentru a concepe \u0219i implementa m\u0103suri care s\u0103 conduc\u0103 la restabilirea \u00eencrederii, cre\u0219terea credit\u0103rii \u0219i, implicit, la cre\u0219tere economic\u0103.<\/p>

\u00cen anul 2014, activitatea ARB a fost \u00een principal orientat\u0103 spre contracararea unor proiecte a c\u0103ror implementare ar fi adus pierderi de ordinul miliardelor de euro sistemului bancar \u00eentr-un moment \u00een care economia reala are nevoie de redresare, iar b\u0103ncile de cre\u0219tere a bilan\u021bului pentru a-\u0219i indeplini rolul \u00een economie.<\/p>

Consideram c\u0103 ar trebui s\u0103 ne concentram \u00een continuare pe m\u0103suri constructive pentru \u00eentrega economie.<\/p>

Aproximativ 75% din creditele neperformante din bilan\u021burile b\u0103ncilor sunt generate de companii \u0219i doar 25% de persoanele fizice. Rata de neperforman\u021b\u0103 la persoanele fizice este de aproximativ 10%, \u00een timp ce IMM-urile raportau \u00eenainte de cura\u021barea bilan\u021burilor b\u0103ncilor o rat\u0103 a creditelor neperformante de aproape 30%.<\/p>

Pruden\u0163a manifestat\u0103 de b\u0103nci \u00een creditarea sectorului real al economiei este determinat\u0103 de disciplina financiar\u0103 lax\u0103, recurgerea abuziv\u0103 a companiilor la procedura de insolven\u0163\u0103, \u00een unele situa\u0163ii, precum \u015fi de constr\u00e2ngerile de finan\u0163are implementate \u00een perioada crizei. ARB solicit\u0103 autorit\u0103\u021bilor sprijinul necesar pentru crearea unei liste cu persoanele juridice (ac\u021bionar\/ administrator) implicate \u00een creditare \u0219i aflate \u00een prezent in insolven\u021b\u0103, \u00eentocmai ca Biroul de Credit pentru persoanele fizice.<\/p>

Dac\u0103 \u00een urm\u0103 cu patru ani o companie din 30 era \u00een insolven\u0163\u0103, \u00een prezent una din 7 firme este \u00een insolven\u0163\u0103, iar blocajul provocat de acest fenomen la nivelul \u00eentregii economii este de 25 miliarde euro. Legea privind procedurile de prevenire a insolven\u0163ei \u015fi de insolven\u0163\u0103 a fost publicat\u0103 \u00een Monitorul Oficial pe 25 iunie 2014 dup\u0103 mai mult de doi ani de dezbateri. Problema este creat\u0103 de aplicarea legii.<\/p>

Firmele aflate \u00een insolven\u0163\u0103 \u015fi cele aflate \u00een faliment aveau la sf\u00e2r\u015fitul lunii septembrie 2014 \u00eent\u00e2rzieri la plata creditelor \u00een valoare de 3,25 mld. euro, \u00een cre\u015ftere cu 12% fa\u0163\u0103 de aceea\u015fi perioad\u0103 a anului trecut. Dac\u0103 s-ar introduce un filtru precum este Biroul de Credit, dar pe datele complete pe insolven\u021b\u0103 la creditarea persoanelor juridice, \u0219i ar cre\u0219te gradul de utilizare al garan\u021biilor pentru a asigura o cerere solvabil\u0103, creditele noi acordate ar cre\u0219te \u00een 2015 poate chiar cu dou\u0103 cifre.<\/p>

Este foarte probabil ca la nivel de sold, creditul neguvernamental s\u0103 \u00eenregistreze o cre\u0219tere u\u0219oar\u0103 \u00een 2015, de 3-4%.<\/p>

ARB \u00eempreun\u0103 cu BNR \u0219i autorit\u0103\u021bile caut\u0103 solu\u021bii pentru revitalizarea credit\u0103rii. C\u0103utam solu\u021bii \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te garantarea creditelor \u00eempreun\u0103 cu FNGCIMM \u0219i sper\u0103m s\u0103 red\u0103m \u00eencrederea \u00een utilizarea optim\u0103 a solu\u021biilor de garantare.<\/p>

Dob\u00e2nzile la credite s-au redus de dou\u0103 ori p\u00e2n\u0103 la aproape 2,5 ori, fa\u021b\u0103 de anul 2008. Cererea de credit solvabil\u0103 este mult mai redus\u0103. Creditarea este afectat\u0103 \u00eenca de lipsa \u00eencrederii, absen\u021ba proiectelor mari de investi\u021bii \u0219i reglement\u0103rile europene care au condus la o restrictivitate sporit\u0103 \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te accesul clientului la creditare. Exist\u0103 unele voci care spun c\u0103 b\u0103ncile nu dau credite. Cu toate acestea, studiile arat\u0103 ca 3 din 4 companii au accesat cu succes finan\u021bare bancar\u0103 \u00een perioada octombrie 2013 – martie 2014 (sondajul privind accesul la finan\u0163are al companiilor nefinanciare din Rom\u00e2nia realizat de BNR).<\/p>

Num\u0103rul IMM care apeleaz\u0103 la finan\u0163area de la b\u0103ncile autohtone reprezinta 15% din num\u0103rul companiilor active \u015fi au un rol relativ moderat pentru economie, dar au accesat 40% din creditul neguvernamental. Soldul creditului neguvernamental la finele lunii octombrie 2014 arat\u0103 o cre\u0219tere fa\u021b\u0103 de luna septembrie de 0,3% dat\u0103 de creditarea \u00een moneda na\u021bional\u0103 (48,4 mld euro) dup\u0103 o perioad\u0103 de sase luni de sc\u0103dere lunar\u0103.<\/p>

Avansul real al creditelor noi acordate este mult mai mare daca \u021binem cont c\u0103 avem ca indicator de analiza soldul creditului din care ies lun\u0103 de lun\u0103 ramburs\u0103rile de principal \u0219i v\u00e2nz\u0103rile\/ externaliz\u0103rile \u0219i scoaterile \u00een afara bilan\u021bului. Cur\u0103\u021barea bilan\u021burilor \u0219i schimbarea metodologiei de calcul a ratei creditelor neperformante au condus la o reducere cu 7,25 puncte procentuale a ratei creditelor neperformante p\u00e2n\u0103 la 15,33% \u00een luna septembrie 2014. Rata creditelor neperformante se va mai reduce cu c\u00e2teva puncte procentuale p\u00e2n\u0103 la finele anului pe fondul elimin\u0103rii din bilan\u021b a creditelor integral provizionate. Provizioanele pe care b\u0103ncile au fost obligate s\u0103 le \u00eenregistreze pe parcursul anului 2014 au afectat rezultatele sistemului bancar \u00een acest an, pierderea la 9 luni fiind de 1,6 miliarde lei. Se estimeaz\u0103 c\u0103 sistemul bancar rom\u00e2nesc va \u00eencheia anul pe pierdere. Ar fi al 5 an de pierderi la nivelul sistemului bancar rom\u00e2nesc, dac\u0103 \u021binem cont c\u0103 \u00een anul 2013 acel profit rezultat de 11 milioane euro este unul contabil.<\/p>

Sistemul bancar este oglinda economiei reale. Cu c\u00e2t problemele companiilor \u0219i popula\u021biei sunt mai mari, cu at\u00e2t bilan\u021burile b\u0103ncilor sunt mai afectate. \u00cen cursul anului 2015, urmeaz\u0103 s\u0103 se desf\u0103\u0219oare un amplu exerci\u021biu de evaluare a calit\u0103\u021bii activelor la nivelul sistemului bancar rom\u00e2nesc, iar data de referin\u021b\u0103 a testelor va fi 31 decembrie 2014. Gradul de capitalizare al sistemului bancar rom\u00e2nesc este confortabil, de 17% \u00een septembrie 2014, \u00een condi\u021biile \u00een care pragul minim stabilit conform cadrului de reglementare european CRD IV\/CRR este de 8%.<\/p>

Rom\u00e2nia \u015fi-a exprimat angajamentul de a fi parte din Uniunea Bancar\u0103 European\u0103. BCE va supraveghea direct b\u0103ncile semnificative, b\u0103ncile care au solicitat sau primit asisten\u021b\u0103 financiar\u0103 public\u0103 direct\u0103, b\u0103ncile mai pu\u021bin semnificative (c\u00e2nd este necesar pentru a asigura aplicarea consecvent\u0103 a unor standarde \u00eenalte de supraveghere) \u0219i cele mai importante trei b\u0103nci din fiecare stat membru participant.<\/p>

80,5% din activele sistemului bancar sunt de\u0163inute de institu\u0163ii cu capital str\u0103in. Riscurile implicate \u00een procesul de conturare, transpunere \u015fi respectare a reglement\u0103rilor \u00een \u0219i post criz\u0103 constau \u00een posibilitatea restr\u00e2ngerii expunerii \u015fi retragerea institu\u0163iilor de credit cu capital str\u0103in.<\/p>

Este a\u0219teptat ca Uniunea Bancar\u0103 European\u0103 s\u0103-\u0219i aduc\u0103 contribu\u021bia la cre\u0219terea gradului de stabilitate financiar\u0103 \u00een zona euro, ceea ce poate implica \u0219i desf\u0103\u0219urarea unui proces ordonat de dezintermediere \u00een statele non euro.<\/p>

Consider\u0103m c\u0103 ar trebui evitat\u0103 orice propunere legislativ\u0103 care ar afecta disciplina de creditare \u0219i unde aplicabilitatea legii depinde de buna credin\u021b\u0103, mai ales acum c\u00e2nd economia are nevoie de stabilitatea sistemului bancar \u0219i de resurse pentru creditare, pe fondul cre\u0219terii credibilit\u0103\u021bii acestuia.<\/strong><\/p>

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Creditarea, restabilirea \u00eencrederii \u0219i AQR-ul<\/h3>\n

Florin D\u0103nescu, Pre\u0219edinte Executiv, ARB, – Pia\u021ba Financiar\u0103, decembrie 2014 <\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2645376,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4419","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aparitii-media"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nFocus in banking in 2015 - Asocia\u021bia Rom\u00e2n\u0103 a B\u0103ncilor (ARB)<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.arb.ro\/en\/focus-in-banking-in-2015\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Focus in banking in 2015 - Asocia\u021bia Rom\u00e2n\u0103 a B\u0103ncilor (ARB)\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Creditarea, restabilirea \u00eencrederii \u0219i AQR-ul Florin D\u0103nescu, Pre\u0219edinte Executiv, ARB, - 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