{"id":4240,"date":"2014-09-18T10:40:14","date_gmt":"2014-09-18T07:40:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.arb.ro\/?p=4240"},"modified":"2024-01-20T14:06:40","modified_gmt":"2024-01-20T12:06:40","slug":"arb-pledeaza-pentru-normalitate","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.arb.ro\/en\/arb-pledeaza-pentru-normalitate\/","title":{"rendered":"ARB pledeaza pentru normalitate - only in romanian"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Sistemul bancar solicit\u0103 respectarea dreptului comunitar<\/h3>

Comunitatea bancar\u0103 din Rom\u00e2nia solicit\u0103 ca directivele europene \u0219i regulamentele s\u0103 fie transpuse \u00een legisla\u0163ia na\u0163ional\u0103 conform prevederilor aprobate de reglementatorii europeni \u0219i \u00een spiritul g\u00e2ndit de emiten\u021bi. Dou\u0103 ini\u021biative legislative de modificare a OUG 50\/2010 privind contractele de credit pentru consumatori fac obiectul discu\u021biilor din Parlament \u0219i din spa\u021biul public, dar prevederile acestora contravin \u00een parte dreptului comunitar, \u00een spe\u021b\u0103 Directivei europene <\/strong>17\/2014 privind contractele de credit oferite consumatorilor pentru bunuri imobile reziden\u021biale.<\/strong><\/p>

\u00a0Extinderea nerezonabil\u0103 a sferei de aplicare a legisla\u021biei europene induce un decalaj \u00eengrijor\u0103tor \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te practicile bancare fa\u021b\u0103 de celelalte state europene unde autorit\u0103\u021bile s-au limitat strict la prevederile directivelor \u0219i regulamentelor aprobate de legislativul european, inclusiv la nivel de costuri suportate de sistemul bancar.<\/p>

Impactul cuantificat de Banca Na\u021bional\u0103 a Rom\u00e2niei generat de aplicarea celor dou\u0103 ini\u021biative de modificare a OUG 50\/2010 ar consta \u00een pierderi estimate pentru perioada urm\u0103toare de ordinul a miliardelor de euro, iar solvabilitatea sistemului ar sc\u0103dea \u00eengrijor\u0103tor. Care este interesul autorit\u0103\u021bilor de a reglementa contrar dreptului comunitar \u0219i de a produce pierderi sistemului bancar \u00een condi\u021biile \u00een care economia Rom\u00e2niei are nevoie de finan\u021bare pentru a men\u021bine cre\u0219terea economic\u0103? Ar fi amenin\u021bat\u0103 capacitatea institu\u021biilor de credit de a mai acorda credite necesare dezvolt\u0103rii economice. Ar putea afecta percep\u021bia asupra riscului de \u021bar\u0103, costul de finan\u021bare al entit\u0103\u021bilor private locale, c\u00e2t \u0219i costul de finan\u021bare al statului \u00een ansamblul s\u0103u.<\/p>

Costurile nu sunt numai de ordin material ci afecteaz\u0103 \u0219i imaginea sistemului bancar \u0219i inten\u021biile investitorilor.Transparen\u021ba \u0219i predictibilitatea sunt atribute necesare \u00een desf\u0103\u0219urarea activit\u0103\u021bii economice. Actul legislativ nu trebuie s\u0103 pun\u0103 pe ultimul loc interesele economiei rom\u00e2ne\u0219ti. \u00cen procesul decizional trebuie s\u0103 se \u021bin\u0103 cont c\u0103 orice presiune nerezonabil\u0103 pus\u0103 pe activul b\u0103ncilor afecteaz\u0103 echilibrul \u0219i decizia de alocare de capital \u0219i de finan\u021bare pentru creditare. De fapt, afecteaz\u0103 \u00eentreaga economie.<\/p>

Asocia\u021bia Rom\u00e2n\u0103 a B\u0103ncilor apreciaz\u0103 referitor la textul ini\u021biativei legislative prin care se urm\u0103re\u0219te reglementarea posibilit\u0103\u021bii de rambursare a creditelor \u00een alt\u0103 moned\u0103 dec\u00e2t cea \u00een care creditele au fost acordate (conversie) f\u0103r\u0103 costuri suplimentare pentru consumator, c\u0103 de\u0219i se dore\u0219te a fi o transpunere \u00een legisla\u021bia rom\u00e2neasc\u0103 a directivei europene 17\/2014, au fost ad\u0103ugate o serie de elemente suplimentare. Aceste elemente suplimentare \u00eencalc\u0103 prevederile directivei europene, iar aplicarea lor este \u00een m\u0103sur\u0103 s\u0103 genereze prejudicii sistemului bancar \u0219i economiei \u00een ansamblu. Ne referim \u00een principal la aplicarea retroactiv\u0103 a ini\u021biativei legislative la contractele aflate \u00een derulare, \u00een conditiile \u00een care Directiva european\u0103 17\/2014, aflat\u0103 \u00een vigoare, prevede la articolul 43 ca „prezenta directiv\u0103 nu se aplic\u0103 contractelor de credit existente \u00eenainte de 21 martie 2016”. La articolul 23, alineatul 5 se prevede c\u0103 \u201estatele membre pot s\u0103 reglementeze mai \u00een detaliu \u00eemprumuturile \u00een moned\u0103 strain\u0103, cu condi\u021bia ca o astfel de reglementare s\u0103 nu fie aplicat\u0103 cu efect retroactiv\u201d. ARB ridic\u0103 aspectul neconformit\u0103\u021bii implementarii directivei prin posibilitatea oferit\u0103 consumatorului de a converti creditul \u00een orice alt\u0103 moned\u0103 solicitat\u0103 de acesta la contractele aflate \u00een derulare la momentul intr\u0103rii ei \u00een vigoare. \u00cen plus, \u00een proiectul de lege se prevede extinderea ariei de acoperire fa\u021b\u0103 de directiva aprobat\u0103 de Parlamentul European prin acordarea posibilit\u0103\u021bii de a converti contractul de credit la total credite, \u00een loc de contractele de credit oferite consumatorilor pentru bunuri imobile reziden\u021biale, conform directivei.<\/p>

Propunerea legislativ\u0103 precizeaz\u0103 c\u0103 modificarea contractelor aflate \u00een derulare se va face prin acte adi\u021bionale convenite cu institu\u021biile de credit f\u0103r\u0103 a implica, din partea debitorului, costuri sau garan\u021bii suplimentare. Acest aspect este contrar directive prin aplicarea \u0219i la portofoliul de credite existente \u0219i produce pierderi sistemului bancar de ordinul a miliardelor de lei \u0219i impact pe stabilitatea sistemului bancar.<\/p>

Conversia monedei creditului presupune o nou\u0103 analiz\u0103, fapt care implic\u0103 noi costuri pentru b\u0103nci. \u00cen plus, conversia creditului \u00een alt\u0103 valut\u0103 necesit\u0103 at\u00e2t refacerea contractului \u00a0de ipotec\u0103 imobiliar\u0103, c\u00e2t \u0219i o eventual\u0103 nou\u0103 garan\u021bie de tip ipotec\u0103 mobiliar\u0103 \u00eenscris\u0103 la Arhiva Electronic\u0103 de Garan\u021bii Reale Mobiliare (AEGRM) la noua valoare \u0219i valut\u0103 a creditului. Aceste costuri sunt datorate de client notarului \u0219i operatorului de arhiv\u0103, evaluatorului, nu b\u0103ncii.<\/p>

\u00ce<\/strong>n concluzie, comunitatea bancar\u0103 nu sus\u021bine propunerea de modificare a OUG 50\/2010 \u00een forma propus\u0103, \u00eentrucat aduce prejudicii importante sistemului bancar \u0219i economiei \u00een ansamblu \u0219i \u00eencalc\u0103 prevederile directivei europene 17\/2014 aflata deja \u00een vigoare la nivel european.<\/p>

\u00a0\u00cen ceea ce prive\u0219te cea de a doua propunere de modificare a OUG 50\/2010 privind rambursarea anticipat\u0103 a creditului la cursul existent \u00een luna acord\u0103rii creditului, Asocia\u021bia Rom\u00e2n\u0103 a B\u0103ncilor consider\u0103 ca \u00eencalc\u0103 prevederile Directivei europene 17\/2014, precum \u0219i principiul neretroactivit\u0103\u021bii legii civile, iar propunerea legislativ\u0103 aduce atingere dreptului de proprietate garantat de Constitu\u021bia Rom\u00e2niei. Pierderile pe care le-ar putea suferi sistemul bancar prin aplicarea unei legi contrare dreptului comunitar sunt de ordinul miliardelor de euro, iar rata capitalurilor proprii totale ar sc\u0103dea cu aproximativ 6 puncte procentuale.<\/p>

Propunerea legislativ\u0103 contravine dispozi\u021biilor comunitare din Directiva 17\/2014 act comunitar ce trebuie transpus \u00een legisla\u021bia Statelor Membre nu mai t\u00e2rziu de 21 martie 2016 \u00een condi\u021biile \u00een care la articolul 23 din directiv\u0103, alineatul 3 se men\u021bioneaz\u0103 c\u0103 rata de schimb valutar la care consumatorul are dreptul de a converti creditul \u00een alt\u0103 moned\u0103 este aceea din ziua aplic\u0103rii conversiei \u0219i nu cea din momentul acord\u0103rii creditului. Tot la articolul 23, alin. 5 se men\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00een mod explicit c\u0103 statele membre pot aduce modific\u0103ri suplimentare privind creditele acordate \u00een valut\u0103 at\u00e2t timp c\u00e2t aceste modific\u0103ri nu se aplic\u0103 cu efect retroactiv.<\/p>

Aplicabilitatea acestei legi \u00een forma propus\u0103 ar \u00eenc\u0103lca principiul neretroactivit\u0103\u021bii legii civile (\u201cTempus regit actum\u201d) potrivit c\u0103ruia validitatea actelor juridice \u0219i implicit nulitatea acestora se apreciaz\u0103 potrivit condi\u021biilor stabilite de legea \u00een vigoare la momentul \u00eencheierii actului juridic.<\/p>

Totodat\u0103, potrivit dispozi\u021biilor Codului Civil, \u00eemprumutul (de consuma\u021bie) este un contract prin care \u00eemprumut\u0103torul remite \u00eemprumutatului o sum\u0103 de bani sau alte bunuri fungibile, iar \u00eemprumutatul se oblig\u0103 s\u0103 restituie dup\u0103 o anumit\u0103 perioad\u0103 aceea\u0219i sum\u0103 de bani sau aceea\u0219i cantitate de bunuri. Tot Codul Civil prevede c\u0103, \u00een lipsa unei \u00een\u021belegeri contrare \u00eentre p\u0103r\u021bi, \u00eemprumutatul este obligat s\u0103 restituie aceea\u0219i cantitate \u0219i calitate de bunuri, oricare ar fi cre\u0219terea sau sc\u0103derea pre\u021bului acestora iar c\u00e2nd obiectul \u00eemprumutului este o sum\u0103 de bani, \u00eemprumutatul este obligat s\u0103 restituie suma nominal\u0103 primit\u0103, oricare ar fi varia\u021bia valorii acesteia. \u00cen opinia noastr\u0103, propunerea legislativ\u0103 care face obiectul demersului nostru contravine acestor dispozi\u021bii \u00eentruc\u00e2t, conform acestei propuneri, \u00eemprumutatul ar avea posibilitatea, contrar unei \u00een\u021belegeri \u00een acest sens \u00eentre p\u0103r\u021bi, s\u0103 restituie b\u0103ncii o alt\u0103 sum\u0103 nominal\u0103 dec\u00e2t cea primit\u0103 cu titlu de \u00eemprumut, respectiv o sum\u0103 inferioar\u0103 acesteia.<\/p>

Potrivit dispozi\u021biilor din Constitu\u021bia Rom\u00e2niei, dreptul de proprietate este garantat \u0219i ocrotit de c\u0103tre stat, indiferent de titular, conform articolului 44. Prin propunerea legislativ\u0103 care face obiectul discu\u021biei, se \u00eencalc\u0103 acest principiu constitu\u021bional \u00eentruc\u00e2t se \u00eencalc\u0103 dreptul de proprietate al b\u0103ncii. Prevederile din Codul Civil men\u021bionate anterior reflect\u0103, \u00een realitate, tocmai acest principiu constitu\u021bional deoarece, prin restituirea aceleia\u0219i sume nominale care a fost primit\u0103 cu titlu de \u00eemprumut, se asigur\u0103 \u00eentoarcerea \u00een patrimoniul \u00eemprumut\u0103torului a aceluia\u0219i bun. Dac\u0103 un \u00eemprumutat care a primit ca \u0219i credit o sum\u0103 \u00een valut\u0103, \u00een loc s\u0103 restituie la termen\/e aceea\u0219i sum\u0103 \u00een valut\u0103, va restitui b\u0103ncii o sum\u0103 \u00een lei care s\u0103 reprezinte echivalentul valutei la cursul de la data \u00eencheierii contractului de credit, \u00een condi\u021biile \u00een care acest curs este mult diferit de cel actual, este evident c\u0103 \u00een patrimoniul b\u0103ncii se va \u00eentoarce \u00een final o sum\u0103 \u00een valut\u0103 (\u00een echivalent) mult diminuat\u0103, deci dreptul de proprietate al b\u0103ncii asupra bunului \u00eemprumutat este \u00eenc\u0103lcat prin faptul ca va primi \u00eenapoi mai pu\u021bin dec\u00e2t a dat. Din aceast\u0103 perspectiv\u0103 consider\u0103m c\u0103 propunerea legislativ\u0103 aduce atingere dreptului de proprietate garantat de Constitu\u021bia Rom\u00e2niei. Av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere toate considerentele \u0219i consecin\u021bele negative detaliate mai sus, comunitatea bancar\u0103 nu poate fi de acord cu prevederile propunerii legislative de modificare a OUG 50\/2010 referitoare la rambursarea anticipat\u0103 la cursul de la data acord\u0103rii creditului.<\/p>

\u00cen\u021belegem preocuparea factorilor de decizie de a proteja debitorul contra fluc\u021bua\u021biei cursului de schimb dar trebuie evitat\u0103 iertarea de datorie \u00een detrimentul creditorilor.<\/p>

Priorit\u0103\u021bile industriei bancare vizeaz\u0103 men\u021binerea rolului sistemului bancar de principal finan\u021bator al economiei Rom\u00e2niei, inclusiv prin demersuri pentru respectarea dreptului comunitar, \u00eent\u0103rirea disciplinei financiare pentru asigurarea stabilit\u0103\u021bii \u0219i credibilit\u0103\u021bii sectorului bancar \u0219i a economiei rom\u00e2ne\u0219ti.<\/p>

\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Sistemul bancar solicit\u0103 respectarea dreptului comunitar<\/h3>\n

Florin D\u0103nescu, Pre\u0219edinte Executiv, ARB, – Pia\u021ba Financiar\u0103, septembrie 2014 <\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2645376,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4240","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aparitii-media"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nARB pledeaza pentru normalitate - Asocia\u021bia Rom\u00e2n\u0103 a B\u0103ncilor (ARB)<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.arb.ro\/en\/arb-pledeaza-pentru-normalitate\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"ARB pledeaza pentru normalitate - Asocia\u021bia Rom\u00e2n\u0103 a B\u0103ncilor (ARB)\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Sistemul bancar solicit\u0103 respectarea dreptului comunitar Florin D\u0103nescu, Pre\u0219edinte Executiv, ARB, - 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