{"id":4234,"date":"2014-07-18T09:54:01","date_gmt":"2014-07-18T06:54:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.arb.ro\/?p=4234"},"modified":"2024-01-20T14:06:55","modified_gmt":"2024-01-20T12:06:55","slug":"firma-din-7-este-insolventa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.arb.ro\/en\/firma-din-7-este-insolventa\/","title":{"rendered":"O firma din 7 este in insolventa - only in romanian"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Cre\u015fterea disciplinei financiare \u00een economie este o necesitate<\/h3>

Nivelul fiscalit\u0103\u0163ii, concuren\u0163a \u015fi lipsa cererii sunt principalele dificult\u0103\u021bi identificate de companiile din Rom\u00e2nia \u00een desf\u0103\u0219urarea activit\u0103\u021bii, \u00een timp ce accesul la finan\u0163are nu reprezint\u0103 o provocare de o importan\u0163\u0103 ridicat\u0103 pentru companii. Aproximativ 73% dintre cererile companiilor care au solicitat credite de la institu\u021biile de credit s-au finalizat cu succes pentru firme. Tabloul general trebuie completat cu un element \u00eengrijor\u0103tor: dac\u0103 \u00een urm\u0103 cu patru ani o companie din 30 era \u00een insolven\u021b\u0103, \u00een prezent 1 din 7 firme este \u00een insolven\u021b\u0103.<\/strong><\/p>

\u00a0Sondajul privind accesul la finan\u0163are al companiilor nefinanciare din Rom\u00e2nia \u015fi capacitatea acestora de a face fa\u0163\u0103 unor condi\u0163ii financiare nefavorabile, realizat de Banca Na\u021bional\u0103 a Rom\u00e2niei pe baza chestionarelor transmise la 10.000 de firme, relev\u0103 c\u0103 3 din 4 companii au accesat cu succes finan\u021bare bancar\u0103 \u00een perioada octombrie 2013 – martie 2014 dar \u0219i c\u0103 firmele declar\u0103 c\u0103 nu au o capacitate mul\u021bumitoare de a face fa\u0163\u0103 unor evolu\u0163ii financiare nefavorabile privind cursul de schimb sau rata dob\u00e2nzii. Creditele acordate IMM-urilor se ridic\u0103 la 84,5 miliarde lei la finele anului 2013, ceea ce reprezint\u0103 76% din totalul creditelor acordate companiilor. Ponderea finan\u0163\u0103rilor acordate IMM se situeaz\u0103 la aproximativ 40% din totalul creditului neguvernamental \u00een timp ce num\u0103rul IMM cu credite era de 77.500 \u00een august 2013.<\/p>

Obstacolele invocate de companii \u00een accesarea de credite sunt nivelul prea ridicat al dob\u00e2nzilor \u015fi comisioanelor, cerin\u0163ele privind valoarea sau tipul garan\u0163iei, clauzele contractuale \u015fi birocra\u0163ia. Analiza costului riscului ar trebui completat\u0103 cu statistica privind neperforman\u021ba pe segmentul companiilor, \u00een condi\u021biile \u00een care o treime din banii acorda\u021bi IMM \u00een creditare este neperformant\u0103. Rata de neperforman\u0163\u0103 aferent\u0103 creditelor acordate IMM-urilor era de 29,82% (august 2013) pentru creditele garantate cu ipoteci, \u00een timp ce la corpora\u021bii rata de neperforman\u021b\u0103 pentru \u00eemprumuturile cu acela\u0219i tip de garan\u021bii era de 9,62%. Disciplina la plat\u0103 \u00een economie r\u0103m\u00e2ne o problem\u0103 av\u00e2nd un impact ridicat asupra capacit\u0103\u0163ii de onorare a serviciului datoriei de c\u0103tre companiile cu credite.<\/p>

Pruden\u0163a manifestat\u0103 de b\u0103nci \u00een creditarea persoanelor juridice este determinat\u0103 de disciplina lax\u0103 de plat\u0103 a datoriilor \u015fi recurgerea abuziv\u0103 a companiilor la procedura de insolven\u0163\u0103, precum \u0219i de constr\u00e2ngerile de finan\u0163are mai pronun\u0163ate \u00een cazul IMM.<\/p>

Totalul sumelor datorate de debitorii afla\u0163i \u00een insolven\u0163\u0103, faliment \u0219i reorganizare se cifreaz\u0103 la 17 miliarde lei potrivit datelor \u00eenscrise \u00een raport\u0103rile „credite acordate \u015fi angajamente asumate de institu\u0163iile de credit” ale Centralei Riscului de Credit din luna mai 2014. Datele se refer\u0103 la expunerea fa\u0163\u0103 de un singur debitor, expunere egal\u0103 sau mai mare de 20.000 lei, \u015fi reprezint\u0103 89,6% din valoarea creditelor acordate \u015fi a angajamentelor asumate de c\u0103tre sistemul bancar, potrivit BNR. Sumele datorate de debitorii afla\u0163i \u00een insolven\u0163\u0103 au mai sc\u0103zut \u00eens\u0103 din p\u0103cate diferen\u021ba se duce la sumele datorate de debitorii afla\u0163i \u00een faliment.<\/p>

Restan\u021bele \u00eenregistrate de debitorii afla\u0163i \u00een insolven\u0163\u0103, faliment \u0219i reorganizare se ridic\u0103 la aproximativ 15 miliarde lei.<\/p>

O statistic\u0103 aferent\u0103 lunii august 2013 ar\u0103ta c\u0103 86% dintre companiile intrate \u00een insolven\u0163\u0103 au ajuns \u00een faliment, \u00een stadiul de reorganizare fiind doar 1,2%.<\/p>

Necesarul sporit de provizioane afecteaz\u0103 profitabilitatea \u0219i creditarea. Legea privind procedurile de prevenire a insolven\u021bei \u0219i de insolven\u021b\u0103 a fost publicat\u0103 \u00een Monitorul Oficial dup\u0103 mai mult de doi ani de dezbateri. Pe parcursul dezbaterilor care au avut loc pe proiectul Codului Insolven\u021bei, Asocia\u021bia Rom\u00e2n\u0103 a B\u0103ncilor a efectuat propuneri care urm\u0103resc \u00een principal \u00eent\u0103rirea disciplinei financiare, cre\u0219terea ratei de recuperare a crean\u021belor aflate \u00een insolven\u021b\u0103 \u0219i o mai mare predictibilitate a mediului de business. Aplicarea legii r\u0103m\u00e2ne o problem\u0103. Presiunile exercitate \u00een procesele de insolven\u021b\u0103 sunt ample \u0219i ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 prin larghe\u021bea deciziilor, inclusiv juridice, \u0219i excesele insolven\u021bilor, lichidatorilor sau al\u021bi ter\u021bi implica\u021bi. ARB continu\u0103 demersurile pentru \u00eenfiin\u021barea unei baze de date pe insolven\u021b\u0103 cu administratorii\/ ac\u021bionarii care ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 cu rea credin\u021b\u0103. Prea multe firme intrate \u00een insolven\u021b\u0103 au l\u0103sat pasivele pe seama creditorilor \u0219i au mutat activele pe firme noi. \u0218i aici au de pierdut statul, partenerii de afaceri ai companiilor aflate \u00een insolven\u021b\u0103 \u0219i b\u0103ncile. Inclusiv cei care nu au credite au de pierdut pentru c\u0103 dac\u0103 vor s\u0103 acceseze unul vor pl\u0103ti mai mult la dob\u00e2nzi pentru c\u0103 se asimileaz\u0103 un cost al riscului mai ridicat pe baza experien\u021bei fenomenului insolven\u021bei.<\/p>

Acesta este impactul la nivelul economiei Rom\u00e2niei cu un PIB de 140 miliarde de euro: 25 miliarde de euro sunt blocate \u00een labirintul insolven\u021bei. Exist\u0103 o recomandare recent\u0103 privind adoptarea de m\u0103suri \u00een vederea constituirii de ajust\u0103ri pentru depreciere \u00een bilan\u021bul b\u0103ncilor, gradul de acoperire cu provizioane propus fiind de 90% \u00een cazul insolven\u021belor. Aceast\u0103 provizionare se adreseaz\u0103 portofoliului de insolven\u021bi din bilan\u021bul b\u0103ncilor care reprezint\u0103 aproape o cincime din cele 25 miliarde de euro blocate \u00een insolven\u021b\u0103 la nivel na\u021bional. Cu celelalte 20 miliarde de euro ce se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103? Singura ac\u021biune este cea de acoperire la risc la nivelul b\u0103ncilor sau tratarea unei p\u0103r\u021bi dintr-un efect. Cauza nu a fost \u0219i nu este tratat\u0103 pentru niciunul dintre cei trei mari creditori: statul, partenerii comerciali ai insolven\u021bilor \u0219i institu\u021biile de credit. Tratarea cauzei, a\u0219a cum solicit\u0103 b\u0103ncile, ar \u00eensemna cre\u0219terea disciplinei financiare.<\/p>

Institu\u021biile de credit sus\u021bin economia cu credite. Peste 80% din b\u0103nci se a\u0219teapt\u0103 la o intensificare a activit\u0103\u021bii de creditare \u00een urm\u0103toarea perioad\u0103, conform „Barometrului Bancar ARB & EY”, sectorul IMM fiind unul dintre segmentele pe care b\u0103ncile apreciaz\u0103 c\u0103 politicile de creditare se vor relaxa par\u021bial. Totul depinde de contr\u00e2ngeri \u0219i practic\u0103. Pe termen scurt, se va observa o contrac\u021bie mai ampl\u0103 a soldului creditului neguvernamental. \u00cen fond soldul creditului neguvernamental \u00eenregistreaz\u0103 lun\u0103 de lun\u0103 cu plus creditele noi acordate de institu\u021biile de credit \u0219i cu minus ramburs\u0103rile de principal efectuate de cei aproape 80% dintre debitorii care \u00ee\u0219i pl\u0103tesc ratele precum \u0219i v\u00e2nz\u0103rile de portofolii de credite la care apeleaz\u0103 b\u0103ncile \u00een ultima perioad\u0103. Este de a\u0219teptat ca ritmul v\u00e2nz\u0103rilor portofoliilor de credite \u0219i scoaterile \u00een afara bilan\u021burilor s\u0103 conduc\u0103 la o sc\u0103dere mai accentuat\u0103, ca p\u00e2n\u0103 acum, a portofoliului general de credite. Scoaterea din bilan\u021b a creditelor neperformante integral provizionate, cu posibilitatea de urm\u0103rire \u00een continuare a crean\u021bei, se va reflecta \u00een bilan\u021bul b\u0103ncilor mai puternic o dat\u0103 cu datele statistice la 30 iunie 2014.<\/p>

O economie capitalist\u0103 nu se poate dezvolta f\u0103r\u0103 un sistem bancar stabil \u0219i solid care s\u0103-\u0219i exercite rolul de finan\u021bator al economiei. Un sistem bancar nu poate performa \u0219i \u00eendeplini \u00een totalitate rolul dac\u0103 economia nu este s\u0103n\u0103toas\u0103 \u0219i dac\u0103 o parte dintre companii nu respect\u0103 legea \u0219i regulile jocului comercial.<\/p>

Priorit\u0103\u021bile industriei bancare vizeaz\u0103 men\u021binerea rolului sistemului bancar de principal finan\u021bator al economiei Rom\u00e2niei, inclusiv prin demersuri pentru \u00eent\u0103rirea disciplinei financiare pentru asigurarea stabilit\u0103\u021bii \u0219i credibilit\u0103\u021bii sectorului bancar \u0219i a economiei rom\u00e2ne\u0219ti. Sistemul bancar din Rom\u00e2nia, care deserve\u0219te milioane de clien\u021bi, s-a dovedit a fi rezilient pe perioada crizei, nefiind nevoie de sprijin din fonduri publice pentru sus\u021binerea acestuia.<\/p>

Este imperios necesar\u0103 cre\u015fterea disciplinei comercial-financiare \u00een economie, iar aici trebuie urm\u0103rite at\u00e2t \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea cadrului legislativ \u0219i fiscal c\u00e2t \u0219i aplicarea legilor.<\/p>

De asemenea, comunitatea bancar\u0103 din Rom\u00e2nia solicit\u0103 ca directivele europene \u0219i regulamentele s\u0103 fie transpuse \u00een legisla\u0163ia na\u0163ional\u0103 conform prevederilor aprobate de reglementatorii europeni. Extinderea cu mult a sferei de aplicare a legisla\u021biei europene induce un decalaj amplu \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te practicile bancare fa\u021b\u0103 de celelalte state europene unde autorit\u0103\u021bile s-au limitat strict la prevederile directivelor \u0219i regulamentelor aprobate de legislativul european, inclusiv la nivel de costuri suportate de sistemul bancar. Costurile nu sunt numai de ordin material ci afecteaz\u0103 \u0219i imaginea sistemului bancar \u0219i inten\u021biile investitorilor.Transparen\u021ba \u0219i predictibilitatea sunt atribute necesare \u00een desf\u0103\u0219urarea activit\u0103\u021bii economice.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDownload<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cre\u015fterea disciplinei financiare \u00een economie este o necesitate<\/h3>\n

Florin D\u0103nescu, Pre\u0219edinte Executiv, ARB, – Pia\u021ba Financiar\u0103, iulie-august 2014 <\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2645376,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4234","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aparitii-media"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nO firma din 7 este in insolventa - Asocia\u021bia Rom\u00e2n\u0103 a B\u0103ncilor (ARB)<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.arb.ro\/en\/firma-din-7-este-insolventa\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"O firma din 7 este in insolventa - Asocia\u021bia Rom\u00e2n\u0103 a B\u0103ncilor (ARB)\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Cre\u015fterea disciplinei financiare \u00een economie este o necesitate Florin D\u0103nescu, Pre\u0219edinte Executiv, ARB, - 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