{"id":11382,"date":"2019-07-15T13:45:13","date_gmt":"2019-07-15T10:45:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.arb.ro\/?p=11382"},"modified":"2024-01-20T13:56:47","modified_gmt":"2024-01-20T11:56:47","slug":"perceptia-versus-realitatea-in-industria-bancara","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.arb.ro\/en\/perceptia-versus-realitatea-in-industria-bancara\/","title":{"rendered":"Percep\u021bia versus realitatea \u00een industria bancar\u0103 - only in romanian"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u00cen mod constant, \u00een economia Rom\u00e2niei sunt propagate informa\u021bii inexacte, uneori chiar integral false, menite s\u0103 conduc\u0103 la formarea unor percep\u021bii negative despre o industrie sau alta. Merit\u0103 spus c\u0103 \u00een spatele acestor informa\u021bii se afl\u0103 persoane care ar trebui s\u0103 dea dovad\u0103 de maxim\u0103 responsabilitate \u0219i care au obliga\u021bia, prin pozi\u021biile pe care le ocup\u0103, s\u0103 procedeze la o minim\u0103 documentare \u00eenainte de diseminarea unor informa\u021bii cel pu\u021bin inexacte. Desigur, acest aspect este valabil doar dac\u0103 nu vorbim de rea credin\u021b\u0103.<\/p>

Din p\u0103cate, propagarea informa\u021biei, indiferent de canalul de comunicare, se produce cu o vitez\u0103 uluitoare \u00een r\u00e2ndul persoanelor cu o cultur\u0103 financiar\u0103 sc\u0103zut\u0103 \u0219i care nu verific\u0103 valoarea de adev\u0103r a informa\u021biei. Totu\u0219i, nu m\u0103 a\u0219tept ca rom\u00e2nii care sunt informa\u021bi de diverse voci, spre exemplu, c\u0103 sistemul bancar rom\u00e2nesc este cel mai profitabil din Uniunea European\u0103 s\u0103 acceseze site-urile B\u0103ncii Na\u021bionale a Rom\u00e2niei sau cel al B\u0103ncii Centrale Europene pentru verificarea informa\u021biei. Este \u0219i responsabilitatea noastr\u0103, a industriei, s\u0103 venim \u00een fa\u021ba mass media \u0219i a publicului, \u00een mod constant, cu informa\u021bii c\u00e2t mai complete care s\u0103 conduc\u0103 la formarea unor percep\u021bii corecte despre sectorul pe care \u00eel reprezent\u0103m. Acest lucru se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 \u00een mod constant \u00een conferin\u021bele de profil, emisiunile TV, prin intermediul studiilor, articolelor, etc, dar mai este suficient loc. Sistemul bancar trebuie s\u0103 poat\u0103 s\u0103-\u0219i \u00eendeplineasc\u0103 cu succes mandatul de finan\u021bator al economiei, a\u0219a cum se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 \u00een fiecare stat al Uniunii Europene. F\u0103r\u0103 o finan\u021bare adecvat\u0103, economia nu se dezvolt\u0103. Rom\u00e2nia se situeaz\u0103 pe penultimul loc \u00een Uniunea European\u0103 \u00een materie de bun\u0103stare economic\u0103 (PIB\/cap de locuitor), dup\u0103 Bulgaria. Ori, erodarea \u00eencrederii \u00een sistemul bancar, prin propagarea de informa\u021bii inexacte sau chiar false are ca efect \u0219i afectarea bun\u0103st\u0103rii economice at\u00e2t a genera\u021biilor actuale c\u00e2t \u0219i viitoare. R\u0103m\u00e2ne \u00eentrebarea: cine ar trebui s\u0103 penalizeze totu\u0219i derapajele \u00een propagarea unor informa\u021bii neadecvate.<\/p>

\u00cen Rom\u00e2nia, multe dintre ini\u021biativele legislative care au \u021bintit industria bancar\u0103, au fost \u00eenso\u021bite \u00een plan discursiv de mesaje asociate legate de profitabilitatea industriei bancare. \u00cen mod constant, a fost alimentat\u0103 ideea c\u0103 b\u0103ncile din Rom\u00e2nia ob\u021bin profituri ridicate, chiar cele mai mari din Europa. Aceasta este o informa\u021bie fals\u0103 care a dus la crearea unei percep\u021bii false care \u00eentr-un fel, \u201cjustific\u0103\u201d din punctul de vedere al ini\u021biatorilor taxarea sistemului, aplicarea unor limit\u0103ri de dob\u00e2nzi, etc. Se formeaz\u0103 opinia fals\u0103 de genul: \u201clas\u0103, c\u0103 b\u0103ncile au de unde\u201d. \u00cen plus, ini\u021biativele legislative alimenteaz\u0103 a\u0219tept\u0103ri nerealiste ale popula\u021biei \u0219i creeaz\u0103 un orizont de ostilitate fa\u021b\u0103 de industrie. Pentru industrie genereaz\u0103 riscuri artificiale \u0219i impredictibilitate, care la final se traduc sub o form\u0103 sau alta tot \u00een costuri financiare \u0219i de imagine. Este dificil s\u0103 schimbi percep\u021biile. \u201eEste mai u\u0219or s\u0103 dezintegrezi un atom dec\u00e2t o prejudecat\u0103\u201d spunea Albert Einstein.<\/p>

O scurt\u0103 analiz\u0103 a profitabilit\u0103\u021bii \u00een anumite industrii arat\u0103 c\u0103 sistemul bancar nu de\u021bine suprema\u021bia. Astfel, la nivelul anului 2018, rentabilitatea capitalului \u00een zona bancar\u0103 a fost surclasat\u0103 de cea a firmelor din comer\u021b (23,6%), din servicii (21,6%) \u0219i din industria prelucr\u0103toare (18,2%). Topul se p\u0103streaz\u0103 \u0219i pentru anul 2017. Anul trecut, rentabilitatea capitalului \u00een sectorul bancar s-a plasat la 14,9%, nivel relativ similar cu cel din agricultur\u0103 (14,7%) \u0219i din construc\u021bii (14,2%).<\/p>

Dar s\u0103 analiz\u0103m \u0219i profitabilitatea industriei bancare din Rom\u00e2nia \u00een raport cu cele din Uniunea European\u0103. Dac\u0103 ne raport\u0103m la ultimul deceniu, pentru o imagine complet\u0103, Rom\u00e2nia se situeaz\u0103 pe locul 11 din Uniunea European\u0103 din punct de vedere al rentabilit\u0103\u021bii capitalului, ROE fiind de 4,65% \u00een perioada 2008 \u2013 2018. Nu pe locul I, nici II, nici III, ci pe locul XI. Bulgaria are un nivel al rentabilit\u0103\u021bii capitalului aproape dublu fa\u021b\u0103 de Rom\u00e2nia (8,34% versus 4,65%), la fel \u0219i alte \u021b\u0103ri din Europa Central\u0103 \u0219i de Est precum Polonia (9,15%), Slovacia (9,50%), iar Cehia are un nivel aproape de trei ori mai mare (12,91%).<\/p>

\u0218i la capitolul rentabilitatea activelor, Rom\u00e2nia se situeaz\u0103 \u00een urma \u021b\u0103rilor din regiune. Astfel, cu un nivel de rentabilitate a activelor (ROA) de 0,51% \u00een perioada 2008 -2018, Rom\u00e2nia este pe locul 8 \u00een Uniunea European\u0103, dup\u0103 state precum Slovacia (0,88%) sau Polonia (0,97%). Alte \u021b\u0103ri au \u00eenregistrat un nivel chiar dublu fa\u021b\u0103 de Rom\u00e2nia, precum Bulgaria (1,05%), Estonia (1,08%) \u0219i Cehia (1,15%).<\/p>

Mai mult, conform concluziilor exprimate \u0219i \u00een ultimul Raport al BNR asupra stabilit\u0103\u021bii financiare, \u201dcapacitatea sectorului bancar rom\u00e2nesc de a sus\u021bine pe termen lung profitabilitatea \u00eenregistrat\u0103 recent \u00een structura existent\u0103 este limitat\u0103\u201d, provoc\u0103rile fiind asociate inclusiv m\u0103surilor fiscale de taxare a activelor \u00eencep\u00e2nd din anul 2019.<\/p>

\u00cen concluzie, afirma\u021biile c\u0103 sistemul bancar din Rom\u00e2nia este cel mai profitabil din Uniunea European\u0103 nu se sus\u021bin.<\/p>

Cadrul legislativ al activit\u0103\u021bii bancare din Rom\u00e2nia a suferit transform\u0103ri numeroase, unele necesare pentru armonizarea legisla\u021biei rom\u00e2ne\u0219ti cu cea a \u021b\u0103rilor europene, altele \u00eens\u0103 au creat volatilitate.\u00a0 \u00cen ultimii 5 ani, impredictibilitatea cadrului legislativ bancar s-a accelerat prin cre\u0219terea recurent\u0103, a num\u0103rului de legi \u0219i regulamente adoptate (aproximativ 50 de legi noi \u00een perioada 2014-2018). Cinci dintre acestea au fost declarate integral neconstitu\u021bionale sau, \u00eentr-un caz, par\u021bial neconstitu\u021bional\u0103, de c\u0103tre Curtea Constitu\u021bional\u0103.<\/p>

Acestea au culminat cu introducerea taxei pe activele financiare bancare. De\u0219i impactul introducerii taxei pe activele financiare pare a fi doar asupra institu\u021biilor bancare, costul final va fi pl\u0103tit de societate \u00een general, prin restr\u00e2ngerea credit\u0103rii cu un puternic impact negativ asupra consumului, produc\u021biei \u0219i investi\u021biilor \u0219i, implicit, asupra bugetului de stat pe viitor. Exist\u0103 un risc ridicat ca taxa pe activele financiare ale b\u0103ncilor s\u0103 produc\u0103 efecte negative \u00een lan\u021b \u00een economie, cu impact direct \u00een reducerea cre\u0219terii economice.<\/p>

\u00cen plus, Rom\u00e2nia \u2013 statul european cu cel mai sc\u0103zut nivel al intermedierii financiare din Uniunea European\u0103, de aproximativ 25%- practic\u0103 cea mai mare tax\u0103 pe activele financiare din Uniunea European\u0103 de 0,4%. Este o abordare contraproductiv\u0103, solu\u021bia fiind renun\u021barea la tax\u0103.<\/p>

Renun\u021barea la taxarea suplimentar\u0103 a sistemului bancar va cre\u0219te capacitatea de capitalizare pe baza profitului ob\u021binut \u0219i va crea stimulul necesar atingerii \u021bintelor urm\u0103rite de cre\u0219tere a intermedierii financiare. \u00cen perioada 2008-2016, b\u0103ncile \u0219i-au crescut capitalurile proprii cu aproximativ 3,5 miliarde euro, din care 23% au reprezentat profit reinvestit. Profitul cumulat \u00een aceea\u0219i perioad\u0103 a fost de 1,3 miliarde euro, ceea ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 profitul reinvestit a reprezentat aproximativ 60%, potrivit studiului privind cre\u0219terea intermedierii financiare \u00een Rom\u00e2nia realizat de PricewaterhouseCoopers. Acest lucru a dus la majorarea fondurilor proprii disponibile \u0219i implicit la cre\u0219terea capacit\u0103\u021bii de a sus\u021bine creditarea. Pentru a cre\u0219te gradul de intermediere financiar\u0103, b\u0103ncile au nevoie de capital, lichiditate, predictibilitate legislativ\u0103 \u0219i clien\u021bi bancabili.<\/p>

Din cauza impunerii acestei taxe \u00een forma ini\u021bial\u0103, Rom\u00e2nia a fost \u00een pericol de a fi depunctat\u0103 de agen\u021biile de rating, riscul fiind reintrarea \u00een categoria \u201cjunk\u201d, de \u021bar\u0103 nerecomandat\u0103 pentru investi\u021bii. Acest pericol nu a fost \u00eendep\u0103rtat \u00een totalitate \u00een condi\u021biile \u00een care monitorizarea efectelor ordonan\u021bei privind introducerea taxei pe activele financiare \u0219i a altor ini\u021biative legislative nu s-a \u00eencheiat. Din cauza efectelor ordonan\u021bei, o agen\u021bie de rating a revizuit, \u00een sc\u0103dere, perspectiva ratingului mai multor b\u0103nci comerciale din Rom\u00e2nia, schimb\u00e2ndu-se astfel din \u201cstabil\u201d \u00een \u201cnegativ\u201d.<\/p>

Momentul aplic\u0103rii unei astfel de taxe \u00een Rom\u00e2nia este cu at\u00e2t mai relevant cu c\u00e2t harta riscurilor la adresa stabilit\u0103\u021bii financiare din Rom\u00e2nia elaborat\u0103 de Banca Na\u021bional\u0103 a Rom\u00e2niei indic\u0103 trei riscuri sistemice ridicate: tensionarea echilibrelor macroeconomice interne, riscul privind cadrul legislativ incert \u0219i impredictibil \u00een domeniul financiar-bancar \u0219i deteriorarea \u00eencrederii investitorilor \u00een economiile emergente. \u00centr-o economie ca a Rom\u00e2niei, care se bazeaz\u0103 pe finan\u021bare din zona bancar\u0103, este important s\u0103 fie men\u021binut un climat de \u00eencredere.<\/p>

\u00cen concluzie, subliniem importan\u021ba unui dialog continuu cu autorit\u0103\u021bile. Autorit\u0103\u021bile trebuie s\u0103 accepte faptul c\u0103 exper\u021bii \u00een domeniul economic au un rol important de jucat \u00een acest parteneriat, \u00een acest dialog. Cred c\u0103 este esen\u021bial un acord pentru parteneriat, dialog \u0219i predictibilitate.<\/p>

Sursa: https:\/\/www.bankingnews.ro\/industria-bancara.html<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Gabriela Folcu\u021b, Director Executiv Asocia\u021bia Rom\u00e2n\u0103 a B\u0103ncilor, Banking News \u2013 15 iulie 2019<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2646493,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11382","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aparitii-media"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nPercep\u021bia versus realitatea \u00een industria bancar\u0103 - Asocia\u021bia Rom\u00e2n\u0103 a B\u0103ncilor (ARB)<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.arb.ro\/en\/perceptia-versus-realitatea-in-industria-bancara\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Percep\u021bia versus realitatea \u00een industria bancar\u0103 - 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