{"id":11322,"date":"2019-06-28T17:30:26","date_gmt":"2019-06-28T14:30:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.arb.ro\/?p=11322"},"modified":"2024-01-20T13:58:18","modified_gmt":"2024-01-20T11:58:18","slug":"dezvoltarea-economiei-fara-creditare-este-ca-dorinta-unui-sportiv-de-a-atinge-performanta-mondiala-fara-niciun-fel-de-antrenament","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.arb.ro\/en\/dezvoltarea-economiei-fara-creditare-este-ca-dorinta-unui-sportiv-de-a-atinge-performanta-mondiala-fara-niciun-fel-de-antrenament\/","title":{"rendered":"Dezvoltarea economiei f\u0103r\u0103 creditare este ca dorin\u021ba unui sportiv de a atinge performan\u021ba mondial\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 niciun fel de antrenament - only in romanian"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Gradul de intermediere financiar\u0103 a ajuns deja o marot\u0103 \u00een Rom\u00e2nia, ceea ce poate reprezenta un element pozitiv dac\u0103 subiectul ajunge s\u0103 fie tratat de o manier\u0103 constructiv\u0103, inclusiv \u00een dialogul public. Trebuie s\u0103 trecem de la stadiul de problem\u0103 la cel de solu\u021bii pe care s\u0103 le \u0219i implement\u0103m. Cert este c\u0103, la unison, at\u00e2t industria bancar\u0103 c\u00e2t \u0219i autorit\u0103\u021bile vor s\u0103 adopte m\u0103suri care s\u0103 conduc\u0103 la cre\u0219terea intermedierii financiare. Aici se impune o nuan\u021bare: creditarea neguvernamental\u0103 a avansat la nivel de sold cu 8% anul trecut, \u00eens\u0103 creditele noi acordate de b\u0103nci au o vitez\u0103 de cre\u0219tere de double digits. Chiar \u0219i la nivel de sold, creditarea \u00een moned\u0103 na\u021bional\u0103 pe zona popula\u021biei a \u00eenregistrat o rat\u0103 de cre\u0219tere de peste 18% \u00een luna februarie comparativ cu luna similar\u0103 a anului trecut. De men\u021bionat c\u0103 aceste cifre sunt \u00eenregistrate \u00eenainte de plata primei tran\u0219e a taxei pe activele financiare.<\/p>

Exist\u0103 suficient spa\u021biu pentru a cre\u0219te intermedierea financiar\u0103 \u00een Rom\u00e2nia, iar un prim pas \u00een acest sens este ini\u021bierea unui dialog deschis cu to\u021bi factorii decizionali \u00een care s\u0103 fie identificate toate solu\u021biile concrete ce trebuie implementate.<\/p>

Cu un grad al intermedierii financiare (credit neguvernamental \u00een PIB) de pu\u021bin peste 25%, Rom\u00e2nia se situeaz\u0103 la mai pu\u021bin de o treime din media UE, de 83%, \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te intermedierea financiar\u0103, dar \u0219i \u00een urma \u021b\u0103rilor cu economii emergente cum sunt Polonia \u0219i Cehia cu 52% \u0219i Bulgaria cu 51%. Intermedierea financiar\u0103 s-a redus cu o treime de la nivelul \u00eenregistrat \u00een urm\u0103 cu opt ani. Un studiu privind cre\u0219terea intermedierii financiare \u00een Rom\u00e2nia realizat de PricewaterhouseCoopers arat\u0103 c\u0103 sc\u0103derea acesteia a fost generat\u0103 de un cumul de factori, cei mai importan\u021bi fiind volatilitatea cadrului legislativ \u0219i situa\u021bia economic\u0103 precar\u0103 a IMM-urilor (capitaluri negative, profitabilitate \u0219i lichidate \u00een declin). La descre\u0219terea cifrei intermedierii financiare a contribuit \u0219i procesul de cur\u0103\u021bare a bilan\u021burilor de credite neperformante demarat de institu\u021biile bancare \u00een perioada imediat urm\u0103toare crizei. Rom\u00e2nia poate fi considerat\u0103 ca fiind un \u201cbest practice\u201d \u00een r\u00e2ndul statelor europene. S-a ajuns de la 1 din 4 credite care era neperformant la nivelul anului 2014 la stadiul la care 1 din 20 credite este neperformant la nivelul anului 2019.<\/p>

Intermedierea financiar\u0103 este g\u00e2tuit\u0103 de cadrul legislativ impredictibil \u0219i uneori advers pe zona financiar\u0103, de nivelul crescut al \u00eendator\u0103rii pe fondul veniturilor reduse, de fenomenul masiv al emigra\u021biei, de nivelul sc\u0103zut al educa\u021biei financiare \u0219i de slaba dezvoltare a componentei antreprenoriale autohtone, cel pu\u021bin \u00een parte.<\/p>

De unde trebuie s\u0103 \u00eencepem? Pentru a cre\u0219te gradul de intermediere financiar\u0103, b\u0103ncile au nevoie de predictibilitate legislativ\u0103, capital, lichiditate \u0219i clien\u021bi bancabili.<\/p>

Impredictibilitatea cadrului legislativ este unul dintre principalele aspecte sanc\u021bionate de investitori. Efervescen\u021ba legislativ\u0103 care nu este \u00een linie cu abordarea european\u0103 ar trebui s\u0103 fie con\u0219tientizat\u0103 \u0219i atent implementat\u0103 cu condi\u021bia s\u0103 nu conduc\u0103 la producerea unui dezechilibru \u00eentre p\u0103r\u021bi. \u00cen ultimii 5 ani s-au adoptat aproximativ 50 de legi noi pe zona bancar\u0103, care au sporit nivelul de impredictibilitate a mediului economic \u0219i au crescut riscul perceput de investitori, din care cinci legi au fost declarate neconstitu\u021bionale de Curtea Constitu\u021bional\u0103. Rom\u00e2nia, la fel ca orice al stat din Uniunea European\u0103, trebuie s\u0103 beneficieze de \u201dthe same level playing field\u201d \u00een materie de legiferare pe zona bancar\u0103. Statele care continu\u0103 s\u0103 aplice abord\u0103ri proprii, care nu sunt \u00een linie cu abordarea european\u0103, continu\u0103 s\u0103 \u00eendep\u0103rteze cadrul legislativ de cel european, \u00een defavoarea cet\u0103\u021benilor. O dozare corespunz\u0103toare a modalit\u0103\u021bii \u00een care statele pot alege s\u0103 legifereze, pornind de la cadrul care ar trebui s\u0103 fie unic, trebuie urm\u0103rit\u0103. Confruntat\u0103 cu fenomenul migra\u021biei, cu discrepan\u021bele \u00een materie de bun\u0103stare economic\u0103 \u00een r\u00e2ndul popula\u021biei \u0219i privind clasa antreprenorial\u0103, \u00een anumite \u021b\u0103ri, Uniunea European\u0103 ar trebui s\u0103-\u0219i caden\u021beze pa\u0219ii astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t, printr-o politic\u0103 general\u0103 la nivel \u00eenalt, s\u0103 creeze cadrul unitar pe care statele, \u00een special cele emergente, s\u0103-l aplice uniform. Diferen\u021bele mari de reglementare \u00eentre state genereaz\u0103 consecin\u021be adverse, inclusiv \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te costurile. Costurile opera\u021bionale mai mari sunt absorbite mai greu din cauza efectului de scal\u0103 nefavorabil (grad sc\u0103zut de intermediere financiar\u0103). Dac\u0103 se adaug\u0103 costuri cu riscuri mai mari, determinate de o rat\u0103 ridicat\u0103 a creditelor neperformante \u0219i o infla\u021bie mai mare, atunci avem re\u021beta nemul\u021bumirii.<\/p>

Ce m\u0103suri se impun? \u00cen primul r\u00e2nd o legisla\u021bie clar\u0103, predictibil\u0103 care s\u0103 asigure creditorii de recuperarea, \u00een cel mai scurt timp, a sumelor integrale plasate \u00een credite \u00een momentul \u00een care acestea devin neperformante. Vorbim de disciplina financiar\u0103. Trebuie evita\u021bi acei factori care stimuleaz\u0103 cre\u0219terea infla\u021biei, solu\u021bia fiind \u00een m\u00e2na autorit\u0103\u021bilor.<\/p>

\u00cen ceea ce prive\u0219te capitalizarea \u0219i lichiditatea, sistemul bancar este solid, nivelul de capitalizare fiind dublu fa\u021b\u0103 de pragul solicitat, de aproape de 20%, iar lichiditatea imediat\u0103 este ridicat\u0103, de 37%.<\/p>

\u00cen perioada 2008-2016, b\u0103ncile \u0219i-au crescut capitalurile proprii cu aproximativ 3,5 miliarde de euro, din care 23% au reprezentat profit reinvestit. Profitul cumulat \u00een aceea\u0219i perioad\u0103 a fost de 1,3 miliarde de euro, ceea ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 profitul reinvestit a reprezentat aproximativ 60%, potrivit studiului privind cre\u0219terea intermedierii financiare \u00een Rom\u00e2nia realizat de PricewaterhouseCoopers. Subliniez aici, \u00eenc\u0103 o dat\u0103: timp de aproape un deceniu, mai mult de jum\u0103tate din profit, 60%, a fost p\u0103strat \u00een Rom\u00e2nia la capital tocmai ca b\u0103ncile s\u0103 poat\u0103 continua creditarea. Ca atare, pentru a men\u021bine cre\u0219terea sustenabil\u0103 a credit\u0103rii, trebuie eliminate orice m\u0103suri consumatoare de capital, cum este taxa pe activele financiare. Introducerea taxei pe activele financiare ale b\u0103ncilor nu este oportun\u0103 pentru dezvoltarea economiei na\u021bionale \u0219i prosperitatea cet\u0103\u021benilor s\u0103i, cu at\u00e2t mai mult cu c\u00e2t taxarea credit\u0103rii contravine obiectivului de cre\u0219tere a intermedierii financiare \u0219i de reducere a dob\u00e2nzilor.<\/p>

\u00cen urma consult\u0103rilor anterioare purtate cu Ministerul Finan\u021belor Publice, cu privire la taxa pe activele financiare, s-a ajuns la o form\u0103 mai suportabil\u0103 care limiteaz\u0103 impactul negativ, de la o form\u0103 total d\u0103un\u0103toare pentru economie. Totu\u0219i, comunitatea bancar\u0103 consider\u0103 c\u0103 este o formul\u0103 mult prea complex\u0103, greu predictibil\u0103, care poate genera efecte negative asupra credit\u0103rii. \u00cen situa\u021bia men\u021binerii taxei, mai sunt alte considerente care, \u00een opinia noastr\u0103, trebuie luate \u00een considerare pentru atingerea obiectului comun de cre\u0219tere a intermedierii financiare.<\/p>

Un exemplu \u00een acest sens este limitarea taxei pe active datorat\u0103 de o institu\u021bie bancar\u0103 la nivelul maxim al impozitului pe profit datorat pentru anul respectiv. Acest aspect ofer\u0103 b\u0103ncilor predictibilitate, capacitate de capitalizare pe baza profitului ob\u021binut \u0219i va crea stimulul necesar atingerii \u021bintelor urm\u0103rite de cre\u0219tere a intermedierii financiare.<\/p>

La fel de important, pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 capital \u0219i lichiditate, sunt necesare cre\u0219terea bancabilit\u0103\u021bii firmelor \u0219i dezvoltarea de solu\u021bii de garantare a creditelor pentru IMM-uri. \u00cen Rom\u00e2nia, capabilitatea firmelor de a accesa credite este ca pielea de leopard.<\/p>

C\u00e2nd se pune problema acces\u0103rii de finan\u021bare, studiile arat\u0103 c\u0103 firmele se confrunt\u0103 cu probleme precum insuficien\u021ba garan\u021biilor eligibile, lipsa de know-how pentru a structura proiecte viabile din punct de vedere financiar, subcapitalizarea companiilor (\u00een Rom\u00e2nia, 40% din companii au capital negativ), birocra\u021bie, proceduri excesive de ob\u021binere a fondurilor UE \u0219i un nivel sc\u0103zut de educa\u021bie financiar\u0103. Raportul \u00eentre creditul comercial \u0219i creditul financiar este de aproximativ 3:1, ceea ce cre\u0219te riscul de blocaj financiar \u0219i de insolven\u021b\u0103. \u0218i \u00een acest caz, solu\u021bia este tot una de natur\u0103 legislativ\u0103.<\/p>

\u00cen concluzie, se impune ini\u021bierea unui dialog deschis cu to\u021bi factorii decizionali c\u00e2t mai cur\u00e2nd posibil. Dezvoltarea economiei f\u0103r\u0103 creditare este echivalent\u0103 cu dorin\u021ba unui sportiv de a atinge performan\u021ba mondial\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 niciun fel de antrenament. O intermediere financiar\u0103 sc\u0103zut\u0103 genereaz\u0103 consecin\u021be \u00een r\u00e2ndul popula\u021biei ca reducerea avu\u021biei nete \u0219i ad\u00e2ncirea diferen\u021belor dintre clasele sociale, precum \u0219i cre\u0219terea migra\u021biei. Din fericire, suntem cu to\u021bii con\u0219tien\u021bi c\u0103 numai creditul este solu\u021bia pentru a reduce decalajele.<\/p>

sursa: https:\/\/www.bankingnews.ro\/gabriela-folcut-intermediere-financiara.html<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Gabriela Folcu\u021b, Director Executiv Asocia\u021bia Rom\u00e2n\u0103 a B\u0103ncilor, Banking News \u2013 28 iunie 2019<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2646493,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11322","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aparitii-media"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nDezvoltarea economiei f\u0103r\u0103 creditare este ca dorin\u021ba unui sportiv de a atinge performan\u021ba mondial\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 niciun fel de antrenament - Asocia\u021bia Rom\u00e2n\u0103 a B\u0103ncilor (ARB)<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.arb.ro\/en\/dezvoltarea-economiei-fara-creditare-este-ca-dorinta-unui-sportiv-de-a-atinge-performanta-mondiala-fara-niciun-fel-de-antrenament\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Dezvoltarea economiei f\u0103r\u0103 creditare este ca dorin\u021ba unui sportiv de a atinge performan\u021ba mondial\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 niciun fel de antrenament - 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